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Candidíase oral

Última revisão: 20 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 22 Aug 2023

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • placas pastosas brancas ou amareladas bastante aderentes à mucosa oral
  • ardência na boca
  • rachaduras, úlceras ou fissuras crostosas irradiando de ângulos da boca
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • gosto desagradável na boca
  • lesões em qualquer parte da mucosa oral
  • lesões atróficas, planas, avermelhadas e ardentes no palato
  • áreas irregulares de perda de papilas filiformes no dorso da língua
  • áreas com pontilhados vermelhos na mucosa oral
  • lesões confinadas no contorno de uma prótese dental
  • disfagia ou odinofagia
  • contorno romboide no aspecto dorsal da língua
  • faixa de eritema contínua ou irregular, envolvendo a borda da gengiva livre
Full details

Risk factors

  • hipossalivação/xerostomia
  • higiene bucal insuficiente, especialmente entre os usuários de dentaduras
  • má absorção e desnutrição
  • malignidade avançada
  • quimioterapia e radioterapia para câncer
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • distúrbio endócrino (por exemplo, diabetes mellitus, hipoparatireoidismo, gestação, hipoadrenalismo)
  • agentes imunossupressores (por exemplo, corticoterapia local ou sistêmica)
  • uso atual ou recente de antibióticos de amplo espectro ou de vários antibióticos de espectro estreito
  • extremidades etárias
  • dieta com alto teor de carboidratos
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • esfregaço superficial da lesão para microscopia
Full details

Tests to consider

  • biópsia da lesão
  • cultura da amostra de enxágue bucal
  • endoscopia digestiva alta com ou sem biópsia das lesões
  • urinálise, glicose sanguínea aleatória ou em jejum, ou teste de tolerância à glicose para excluir diabetes
  • exame de anticorpo anti-HIV (vírus da imunodeficiência humana)
  • sialometria
  • painel de eletrólitos
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

candidíase oral

queilite angular

ONGOING

gravemente imunocomprometidos: terapia profilática

Contributors

Authors

Fariba S. Younai, DDS
Fariba S. Younai

Professor of Clinical Dentistry

Chair, Division of Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences

UCLA School of Dentistry

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

FSY declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Joan A. Phelan, DDS

Chair of Department of Oral Pathology

New York University College Of Dentistry

New York

NY

Disclosures

JAP declares that she has no competing interests.

Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, PhD

Professor of Oral Medicine

Department of Oral Sciences

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

Disclosures

GC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous). 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous)
    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Candida infections
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Candidíase oral: quais tratamentos funcionam?

    Candidíase oral: como reduzir o risco de contrair a doença

    More Patient information
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