When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Anormalidades da anatomia peniana

最后审阅: 1 Oct 2025
最后更新: 01 Oct 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • neonatos e bebês
  • localização anormal da uretra
  • prepúcio incompleto
  • curvatura e/ou torção peniana
  • exame ou procedimento genital recente
  • história de pênis curto ou pequeno
  • dor e edema peniano
  • prepúcio aderente à glande
  • aderências penianas e esmegma
  • cicatriz peniana
  • edema da glande
  • coxim gorduroso pré-púbico proeminente
  • presença de hérnia ou hidrocele
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • retração forçada do prepúcio
  • dispareunia
  • trauma peniano recente
  • história de balanite ou balanopostite
  • obstrução ou retenção urinária
  • necrose da pele peniana
  • descoloração da glande
  • discrepância do comprimento peniano
  • história de infecção do trato urinário
  • história de cirurgia pélvica ou geniturinária
  • disfunção erétil
完整详情

危险因素

  • pênis não circuncidado (parafimose)
  • sonda vesical de demora (parafimose)
  • desconhecimento parental (fimose)
  • balanite xerótica obliterante (fimose)
  • trauma peniano (fimose)
  • balanite e balanopostite recorrentes (fimose)
  • baixo peso ao nascer (hipospádia)
  • parto prematuro (hipospádia)
  • diabetes gestacional, obesidade materna, hipertensão materna, idade materna avançada (hipospádia)
  • história familiar (hipospádia, curvatura e/ou torção peniana congênita)
  • obesidade (pênis embutido)
  • circuncisão (pênis encarcerado)
  • cicatrização peniana e na parte inferior do abdome (pênis embutido)
  • hérnia ou hidrocele (pênis embutido)
  • Polimorfismo V89L do gene SRD5A2 (hipospádia)
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • diagnóstico clínico
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

fimose pré-puberal, congênita ou fisiológica

fimose pós-puberal

parafimose

hipospádia

curvatura e/ou torção peniana congênita

pênis oculto com <3 anos de idade (antes do treinamento esfincteriano)

pênis oculto com ≥3 anos de idade (após treinamento esfincteriano)

micropênis

撰稿人

作者

Kathleen Kieran, MD, MSc, MME

Director of Pediatric Urology Fellowship

Professor and Vice Chair for Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion

Department of Urology

University of Washington

Seattle

WA

利益声明

KK declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Kathleen Kieran would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nicol Corbin Bush, Dr Nicholas Cost, Dr Linda Baker, and Dr Michael Holzer, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

NCB, NC, LB, and MH declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

David Bloom, MD

Chair

Department of Urology

The Jack Lapides Professor of Urology

University of Michigan Medical School

Ann Arbor

MI

利益声明

DB declares that he has no competing interests.

Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)

Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon

Department of Urology

Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge

UK

利益声明

VG declares that he has no competing interests.

Laurence Baskin, MD

Chief

Pediatric Urology

and Professor

Urology and Pediatrics

UCSF Children's Hospital

San Francisco

CA

利益声明

LB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

European Association of Urology; European Society for Paediatric Urology. EAU guidelines on paediatric urology. Apr 2024 [internet publication].全文

Dave S, Afshar K, Braga LH, et al. Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version). Can Urol Assoc J. 2018 Feb;12(2):E76-99.全文  摘要

​British Association of Paediatric Surgeons. Management of foreskin conditions. Jun 2006 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

内容使用需遵循免责声明