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Reação transfusional

Última revisão: 11 Dec 2025
Última atualização: 23 May 2025

Resumo

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • calafrios
  • rubor
  • dispneia
  • febre
  • dor torácica, abdominal, no flanco e dorsalgia
  • hipotensão
  • sangramento de membranas mucosas, do trato gastrointestinal ou do trato urinário
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • cefaleia
  • náuseas e vômitos
  • ansiedade
  • dor ao longo do membro que recebeu a transfusão
  • prurido
  • urticária
  • angioedema
  • icterícia
  • estertores
  • urina vermelha
  • estridor ou broncoespasmo
  • palidez
  • exantema maculopapular
  • diarreia
  • púrpura disseminada
  • dermatite esfoliativa com comprometimento mucocutâneo
完整详情

危险因素

  • gestação anterior
  • transfusão prévia
  • história de transplante
  • deficiência de imunoglobulina A (IgA)
  • imunocomprometimento
  • história de reação transfusional
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • teste de antiglobulina direto
  • inspeção visual da amostra de sangue após a transfusão
  • repetição do teste ABO na amostra de sangue após a transfusão
  • urinálise pós-transfusão
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • níveis séricos de imunoglobulina A (IgA)
  • teste de anticorpos anti-IgA
  • nível de triptase sérica
  • rastreamento de aloanticorpos séricos
  • lactato desidrogenase (LDH) sérico
  • bilirrubina sérica
  • coloração de Gram e cultura de componente e de amostras do receptor após a transfusão
  • biópsia de pele, intestino ou fígado
  • tipagem HLA (antígeno leucocitário humano)
  • rastreamento de anticorpos plaquetários
  • haptoglobina sérica
  • potássio sérico
  • bicarbonato sérico
  • cálcio sérico
  • creatinina sérica
  • Hemograma completo
  • dímero D
  • tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)
  • radiografia torácica
  • gasometria arterial
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

reação transfusional aguda

持续性治疗

reação transfusional tardia

撰稿人

作者

Dih-Dih Huang, MD

Department of Surgery

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center

Phoenix

AZ

利益声明

DH declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Dih-Dih Huang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jordan A Weinberg, previous contributor to this topic.

利益声明

JAW declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Erin Horstman, MD

Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine

Yale University

New Haven

CT

利益声明

EH declares that she has no competing interests.

Christoph Pechlaner, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Innsbruck Medical University

Innsbruck

Austria

利益声明

CP declares that he has no competing interests.

Marisa Marques, MD

Professor of Pathology

University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital

Birmingham

AL

利益声明

MM declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Soutar R, McSporran W, Tomlinson T, et al. Guideline on the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jun;201(5):832-44.全文  摘要

Panch SR, Montemayor-Garcia C, Klein HG. Hemolytic transfusion reactions. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 11;381(2):150-62. 摘要

Laureano M, Khandelwal A, Yan M​. Canadian Blood Services. Clinical guide to transfusion: transfusion reactions (chapter 10). Oct 2022 [internet publication].全文

American Red Cross. A compendium of transfusion practice guidelines: fourth edition. 2021 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Sepse associada à transfusão
    • Hemólise que não é mediada imunologicamente
    • Sobrecarga circulatória associada à transfusão (SCAT)
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Canadian Blood Services clinical guide to transfusion
    • Prevention of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)
    更多 指南
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