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Reação transfusional

Last reviewed: 21 Jul 2025
Last updated: 23 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • calafrios
  • rubor
  • dispneia
  • febre
  • dor torácica, abdominal, no flanco e dorsalgia
  • hipotensão
  • sangramento de membranas mucosas, do trato gastrointestinal ou do trato urinário
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • cefaleia
  • náuseas e vômitos
  • ansiedade
  • dor ao longo do membro que recebeu a transfusão
  • prurido
  • urticária
  • angioedema
  • icterícia
  • estertores
  • urina vermelha
  • estridor ou broncoespasmo
  • palidez
  • exantema maculopapular
  • diarreia
  • púrpura disseminada
  • dermatite esfoliativa com comprometimento mucocutâneo
Full details

Risk factors

  • gestação anterior
  • transfusão prévia
  • história de transplante
  • deficiência de imunoglobulina A (IgA)
  • imunocomprometimento
  • história de reação transfusional
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • teste de antiglobulina direto
  • inspeção visual da amostra de sangue após a transfusão
  • repetição do teste ABO na amostra de sangue após a transfusão
  • urinálise pós-transfusão
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • níveis séricos de imunoglobulina A (IgA)
  • teste de anticorpos anti-IgA
  • nível de triptase sérica
  • rastreamento de aloanticorpos séricos
  • lactato desidrogenase (LDH) sérico
  • bilirrubina sérica
  • coloração de Gram e cultura de componente e de amostras do receptor após a transfusão
  • biópsia de pele, intestino ou fígado
  • tipagem HLA (antígeno leucocitário humano)
  • rastreamento de anticorpos plaquetários
  • haptoglobina sérica
  • potássio sérico
  • bicarbonato sérico
  • cálcio sérico
  • creatinina sérica
  • Hemograma completo
  • dímero D
  • tempo de protrombina (TP) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP)
  • radiografia torácica
  • gasometria arterial
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

reação transfusional aguda

ONGOING

reação transfusional tardia

Contributors

Authors

Dih-Dih Huang, MD

Department of Surgery

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center

Phoenix

AZ

Disclosures

DH declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Dih-Dih Huang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jordan A Weinberg, previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

JAW declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Erin Horstman, MD

Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine

Yale University

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

EH declares that she has no competing interests.

Christoph Pechlaner, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Innsbruck Medical University

Innsbruck

Austria

Disclosures

CP declares that he has no competing interests.

Marisa Marques, MD

Professor of Pathology

University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital

Birmingham

AL

Disclosures

MM declares that she has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Soutar R, McSporran W, Tomlinson T, et al. Guideline on the investigation and management of acute transfusion reactions. Br J Haematol. 2023 Jun;201(5):832-44.Full text  Abstract

Panch SR, Montemayor-Garcia C, Klein HG. Hemolytic transfusion reactions. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 11;381(2):150-62. Abstract

Laureano M, Khandelwal A, Yan M​. Canadian Blood Services. Clinical guide to transfusion: transfusion reactions (chapter 10). Oct 2022 [internet publication].Full text

American Red Cross. A compendium of transfusion practice guidelines: fourth edition. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Sepse associada à transfusão
    • Hemólise que não é mediada imunologicamente
    • Sobrecarga circulatória associada à transfusão (SCAT)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Canadian Blood Services clinical guide to transfusion
    • Prevention of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)
    More Guidelines
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