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Choque

Last reviewed: 11 Dec 2025
Last updated: 18 Nov 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • cognição alterada/agitação
  • hipotensão
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • taquipneia
  • taquicardia
  • tempo de enchimento capilar prolongado
  • oligúria
  • fraqueza muscular
  • cianose
  • membros frios
  • evidências de trauma
  • erupção cutânea petequial
  • dor torácica
  • febre
  • dor abdominal
  • estase jugular
  • edema periférico
  • ausência de murmúrios vesiculares de um lado do peito
  • desvio da traqueia
  • sons cardíacos silenciosos
  • paralisia flácida dos membros inferiores
  • sopro cardíaco
  • bexiga distendida
  • edema facial e na língua
  • erupção cutânea urticariforme
  • dor na pelve/sangramento vaginal em mulheres em idade fértil
Full details

Risk factors

  • avanço da idade
  • comorbidades
  • infarto do miocárdio
  • cardiomiopatia
  • doença da valva cardíaca
  • arritmias
  • trauma
  • hemorragia digestiva
  • aneurisma roto da aorta abdominal
  • queimaduras
  • golpe de calor
  • perdas gastrointestinais: diarreia e vômitos
  • pancreatite
  • sepse
  • anafilaxia/intoxicação
  • lesão espinhal ou do tronco encefálico
  • doença endócrina
  • embolia pulmonar
  • tamponamento cardíaco
  • induzido por medicamentos (choque anafilático)
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • lactato
  • gasometria
  • Hemograma completo
  • ureia e creatinina
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • estudos de coagulação (razão normalizada internacional [INR], tempo de tromboplastina parcial [TTP] ativada)
  • glicose sanguínea
  • anion gap
  • proteína C-reativa
  • procalcitonina
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • radiografia torácica
  • ultrassonografia focada do abdome e do tórax
  • ecocardiografia
  • dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (capnografia)
  • TC do tórax, abdome e pelve
  • angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada
  • urinálise e teste de gravidez urinário
  • ultrassonografia pélvica
  • radiografia de ossos longos
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) da coluna vertebral
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos os pacientes

Contributors

Authors

Samuel J. Stratton, MD, MPH
Samuel J. Stratton

Professor

Fielding School of Public Health

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Los Angeles

Deputy Health Officer

Orange County Health Care Agency

Health Disaster Management/Emergency Medical Services

Santa Ana

CA

Disclosures

SJS declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Samuel J. Stratton and Dr Matthew Bai wishes to gratefully acknowledge Dr Patrick Nee, Dr James Brown, Dr Christoph Pechlaner, and Dr Christian Wiedermann, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

PN, JB, CP, and CW declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Matthew Bai, MS, MD

Associate Medical Director

Mount Sinai Queens

Mount Sinai Health System

New York

NY

Disclosures

MB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Dec;40(12):1795-815.Full text  Abstract

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Nov;47(11):1181-247.Full text  Abstract

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726.Full text  Abstract

Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 May 3;79(17):e263-421.Full text  Abstract

Sinha SS, Morrow DA, Kapur NK, et al. 2025 concise clinical guidance: an ACC expert consensus statement on the evaluation and management of cardiogenic shock: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Apr 29;85(16):1618-41.Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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