Choque

When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Última revisão das evidências: 2 Apr 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 12 Nov 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • hipotensão
  • taquicardia
  • alterações cutâneas
  • oligúria
  • alterações no estado mental
  • presença de fatores de risco
  • febre
  • dor torácica
  • dispneia
  • hipoxemia
  • hipotermia
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • dor abdominal
  • edema periférico
  • pressão venosa jugular (PVJ) elevada
  • sons cardíacos abafados ou silenciosos
  • arritmia
  • erupção cutânea petequial
  • erupção cutânea urticariforme
  • angioedema
  • sons respiratórios reduzidos em um hemitórax
  • desvio traqueal
  • bexiga distendida
  • paralisia flácida dos membros
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • idade mais avançada
  • comorbidades
  • infarto do miocárdio
  • cardiomiopatia
  • doença da valva cardíaca
  • arritmias
  • trauma
  • hemorragia digestiva
  • aneurisma roto da aorta abdominal
  • queimaduras/golpe de calor
  • perdas gastrointestinais: diarreia e vômitos
  • pancreatite
  • sepse
  • anafilaxia/intoxicação
  • lesão espinhal ou do tronco encefálico
  • doença endócrina
  • embolia pulmonar
  • tamponamento cardíaco
  • induzido por medicamento
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • lactato (da gasometria arterial)
  • gasometria venosa (VBG) ou gasometria arterial (ABG)
  • glicose
  • hemograma completo
  • ureia e eletrólitos
  • exames de coagulação
  • proteína C-reativa
  • procalcitonina
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • radiografia torácica
  • urinálise e teste de gravidez na urina
  • rastreamento de infecção
  • ultrassonografia no ponto de atendimento
  • Tomografia computadorizada de tórax, abdome e pelve
  • Angiografia pulmonar por tomografia computadorizada (APTC)
  • radiografia de ossos longos
  • radiografia da coluna
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

todos os pacientes

Colaboradores

Consultores especialistas

Alexander Alexiou, MBBS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Barts Health NHS Trust

Physician Response Unit Consultant

London’s Air Ambulance

Royal London Hospital

UK

Declarações

AA declares that he has no competing interests.

Clovis Rau, MBBS, BSc, FRCEM DipIMC

ST6 Emergency Medicine

Barnet Hospital

Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust

UK

Declarações

CR declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Samuel J. Stratton MD, MPH

Professor

Fielding School of Public Health

David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA

Los Angeles

Deputy Health Officer

Orange County Health Care Agency

Health Disaster Management/Emergency Medical Services

Santa Ana

CA

利益声明

SJS declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Paul Frost

Reader (clinical)

Centre for Medical Education

School of Medicine

Cardiff University

Honorary Consultant in Intensive Care Medicine

University Hospital of Wales

Cardiff

UK

利益声明

PF declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael Toolis, MBBS, FCICM, GDipClinUS

Consultant Intensivist

Monash Health

Melbourne

Australia

利益声明

MT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021 Nov;47(11):1181-247.全文  摘要

Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring: task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Dec;40(12):1795-815.全文  摘要

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-726.全文  摘要

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Mar 2024 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. May 2017 [internet publication].全文

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Major trauma: assessment and initial management. Aug 2023 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Hipotensão simples
    • Síncope ou pré-síncope
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock, 2021
    • ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
    更多 指南
  • 医学计算器

    Escala de coma de Glasgow

    Ressuscitação fluídica de lesão por queimadura, adulto (estimativa de cristaloides de Parkland)

    更多 医学计算器
  • Videos

    Descompressão por agulha de um pneumotórax hipertensivo – Vídeo de demonstração

    Venopunção e flebotomia – Vídeo de demonstração

    更多 操作视频
  • 患者教育信息

    Ataque cardíaco: o que é?

    Ataque cardíaco: perguntas a fazer ao seu médico

    更多 患者教育信息
  • padlock-locked登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容

内容使用需遵循免责声明