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ბრონქიოლიტი

  • Overview
  • Theory
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Follow up
  • Resources
Last reviewed: 8 Aug 2025
Last updated: 06 Oct 2021

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • რისკ-ფაქტორების არსებობა
  • ხველა
  • ტაქიპნოე
  • მსტვინავი სუნთქვა
  • რეტრაქციები, ხმაურიანი სუნთქვა და ნესტოების შებერილობა
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • რინიტი
  • კლინიკური გამოვლინებების მერყეობა
  • გაღიზიანებადობა, შეუძლოდ ყოფნა და არასათანადო კვება
  • ცხელება <40°C (<104°F)
  • ხიხინი
  • აპნოე
  • თორაკოაბდომინური ასინქრონია
Full details

Risk factors

  • ჩვილები 3 წლამდე
  • ზამთრის თვეები
  • დღენაკლულობა ან ბრონქოპულმონალური დისპლაზია
  • პასიური ექსპოზიცია თამბაქოს კვამლთან და ჰაერის დაბინძურება
  • სასუნთქი გზების კლირენსისა და ფუნქციის დაქვეითება
  • გულის თანდაყოლილი დაავადებები
  • იმუნოდეფიციტი
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • პულსოქსიმეტრიით
Full details

Tests to consider

  • ანტიგენის სწრაფი აღმოჩენა ენზიმ-შეკავშირებული იმუნოსორბენტული ანალიზით (ELISA)
  • გულმკერდის რენტგენი
  • უკუტრანსკრიპტაზის პოლიმერაზული ჯაჭვური რეაქცია (RT-PCR)
Full details

Emerging tests

  • ფილტვის ფუნქციური სინჯები ჩვილებში

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

მძიმე RSV ინფექციის მაღალი რისკის მქონე ჩვილები

ACUTE

დადასტურებული ბრონქიოლიტი

Contributors

Authors

Howard B. Panitch, MD

Professor

Division of Pulmonary Medicine

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

HBP is a member of the American Thoracic Society's Guideline Committee, Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for Infants and Children, past Chair of the American College of Chest Physicians' Home Based Mechanical Ventilation and Neuromuscular Disease NetWork, a member of the ATS guideline committee on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and a member of the current new guideline committee updating the BPD Statement. He is a member of the planning committee of the Pediatric Assembly of the American Thoracic Society, and receives royalties from Up-To-Date for the review of two topics (Spirometry in Children and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia).

Acknowledgements

Professor Panitch would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Isaac Desheng Liu, Dr Woon Li Seo, Dr Jennifer L. Nayak, Dr Caroline B. Hall, and Dr Clement L. Ren, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

IDL, WLS, JLN, and CLR declare that they have no competing interests. CBH is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Robert Welliver, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Women and Children's Hospital

Buffalo

NY

Disclosures

RW declares that he has no competing interests.

Giovanni Piedimonte, MD

Wyeth Research Scholar Professor and Chair

Department of Pediatrics

WVU School of Medicine

Physician-in-Chief

WVU Children's Hospital

Morgantown

WV

Disclosures

GP declares that he has no competing interests.

H. Cody Meissner, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Infectious Disease

Department of Pediatrics

Tufts-New England Medical Center

Boston

MA

Disclosures

HCM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

John Henderson, MBBS

Professor of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine

University of Bristol

Bristol

UK

Disclosures

JH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

McCulloh R, Koster M, Ralston S, et al. Use of intermittent vs continuous pulse oximetry for nonhypoxemic infants and young children hospitalized for bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2015 Oct;169(10):898-904.Full text  Abstract

Cunningham S, Rodriguez A, Adams T, et al. Oxygen saturation targets in infants with bronchiolitis (BIDS): a double-blind, randomised, equivalence trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 12;386(9998):1041-8.Full text  Abstract

Lin J, Zhang Y, Xiong L, et al. High-flow nasal cannula therapy for children with bronchiolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2019 Jun;104(6):564-76. Abstract

Farley R, Spurling GK, Eriksson L, et al. Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children under two years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 9;(10):CD005189.Full text  Abstract

Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, et al. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 21;(12):CD006458.Full text  Abstract

Liet JM, Ducruet T, Gupta V, et al. Heliox inhalation therapy for bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 18;(9):CD006915.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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