Enfermedad renal crónica
Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- fatiga
- edema
- náuseas con o sin vómitos
- prurito
- piernas inquietas
- anorexia
- enfermedad glomerular relacionada con infecciones
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- artralgia
- agrandamiento de la glándula prostática
- orina de apariencia espumosa
- orina de color cola
- erupciones
- disnea
- ortopnea
- convulsiones
- retinopatía
Factores de riesgo
- diabetes mellitus
- hipertensión
- >50 años de edad
- enfermedad renal infantil
- tabaquismo
- obesidad
- etnia negra o hispanos
- antecedentes familiares de ERC
- trastornos autoinmunitarios
- sexo masculino
- uso a largo plazo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos
- altos niveles de ácido úrico
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- química renal
- estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG)
- cistatina C en suero y cistatina C basada en la estimación de la TFG
- análisis de orina
- albúmina en orina
- ultrasonido renal
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- biopsia renal
- radiografía simple de abdomen
- tomografía computarizada (TC) del abdomen
- resonancia magnética (IRM) abdominal
Algoritmo de tratamiento
Colaboradores
Autores
Manisha Singh, MD
Associate Professor
Division of Nephrology
Department of Internal Medicine
Director Home Dialysis Program
Co-Director M2 Renal Module
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock
AR
Divulgaciones
MS is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Michelle W. Krause, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine
Director, Integrated Medicine Service Line
Vice-Chair for Clinical Operations, Quality, and Efficiency
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
Little Rock
AR
Divulgaciones
MWK declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Manisha Singh and Dr Michelle Krause would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Sudhir V. Shah, a previous contributor to this topic.
Divulgaciones
SVS declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Robert Toto, MD
Professor
Internal Medicine - Nephrology
Southwestern Medical School
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Dallas
TX
Divulgaciones
RT declares that he has no competing interests.
Guy H. Neild, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Professor of Nephrology
UCL Division of Medicine
University College London
London
UK
Divulgaciones
GHN declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013 Jan;3(1):1-150.Texto completo
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management. 2021 [internet publication].Texto completo
Expert Panel on Urologic Imaging., Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Nikolaidis P, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Renal Failure. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 May;18(5s):S174-S188.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible aquí.
El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad