Resumen
Definición
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- dispepsia/malestar epigástrico
- sin características sospechosas de neoplasia maligna
Other diagnostic factors
- náuseas, vómitos y pérdida del apetito
- emesis grave
- dolor abdominal agudo
- fiebre
- reflejos alterados o déficits sensoriales
- trastorno cognitivo
- glositis
- enfermedad autoinmune coexistente
Risk factors
- Infección por Helicobacter pylori
- consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)
- consumo de alcohol/ingesta de sustancias tóxicas
- cirugía gástrica previa
- pacientes en estado crítico
- enfermedad autoinmune
- compromiso inmunológico
- derivación venosa peritoneoyugular infectada
- ascendencia nórdica o escandinava
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- prueba del aliento con urea para Helicobacter pylori
- Prueba de antígeno fecal de Helicobacter pylori
- hemograma completo (HC)
Investigations to consider
- endoscopia
- Prueba rápida de ureasa de Helicobacter pylori
- histología de la mucosa gástrica
- vitamina B12 sérica
- serie de contraste del tracto gastrointestinal superior (GI)
- hemocultivos/cultivos de líquidos
- anticuerpos contra las células parietales
- anticuerpos contra factor intrínseco
Emerging tests
- Cultivo de Helicobacter pylori/reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR)
Treatment algorithm
en riesgo de gastritis por estrés
asociado con Helicobacter pylori
erosiva
autoinmune
reflujo biliar
gastritis flemonosa
Contributors
Authors
Eli D. Ehrenpreis, MD, FACG, AGAF
Associate Director for Research
Internal Medicine Residency
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge
IL
Disclosures
EDE declares that he has no competing interests.
Nick Adimi, MD, MS
Internal Medicine Resident
Department of Medicine
Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
Park Ridge
IL
Disclosures
NA declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Eli D. Ehrenpreis and Dr Nick Adimi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Nicole Marie Gentile, Dr Parakkal Deepak, and Dr Elad Eichenwald, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
NMG, PD, and EE declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Shazia Siddique, MD, MSHP
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
PA
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Anthony Axon, MB, BS, MD, FRCP
Professor and Consultant Gastroenterologist
Department of Gastroenterology
Leeds General Infirmary
Leeds
UK
Disclosures
AA is the author of studies referenced in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Glickman JN, Antonioli DA. Gastritis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2001 Oct;11(4):717-40. Abstract
Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024 Sep 1;119(9):1730-53.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Enfermedad ulcerosa péptica (EUP)
- Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)
- Dispepsia no ulcerosa
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