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Diabetes de tipo 2 en niños

Last reviewed: 28 Nov 2025
Last updated: 26 Sep 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • poliuria
  • polidipsia
  • acantosis pigmentaria
  • nicturia
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • hipertensión
  • infección por hongos
  • infecciones de la piel
  • infecciones del tracto urinario
  • fatiga
  • visión borrosa
  • pérdida de peso
Full details

Risk factors

  • obesidad
  • predisposición genética/antecedentes familiares
  • antecedentes étnicos de alto riesgo
  • pubertad
  • sexo femenino
  • entorno intrauterino diabético
  • pequeño para la edad gestacional
  • crecimiento rápido en la infancia
  • alimentación con biberón
  • ingesta elevada de proteínas en la infancia
  • ovarios poliquísticos
  • contenido lipídico intramiocelular
  • depósito de grasa en el hígado
  • Dificultad de aprendizaje
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • tira reactiva de orina
  • glucosa plasmática al azar
  • glucosa plasmática en ayunas
  • HbA1c
  • autoanticuerpos contra la insulina, antígeno de los islotes 2 (IA-2), descarboxilasa del ácido glutámico (GAD) y transportador de zinc 8 (ZnT8)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • Glucosa plasmática a las 2 horas
  • péptido C aleatorio
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

cetoacidosis o estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico (EHH)

ONGOING

HbA1c <69 mmol/mol: sin acidosis ni cetosis

HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol: sin acidosis con o sin cetosis

Contributors

Authors

Jennifer Miller, MD
Jennifer Miller

Professor

Department of Pediatrics

University of Florida

Gainesville

FL

Disclosures

JM declares that she has received research funding from Soleno Therapeutics, Harmony Biosciences, and Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. JM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Chelsea Zimmerman, MD

Clinical Physician

Pediatric Endocrinology

Endocrinology and Metabolism of East Alabama

Opelika

AL

Disclosures

CZ declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Jennifer Miller and Dr Chelsea Zimmerman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Arlan Rosenbloom and Dr Paul Hiers, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

AR is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. Unfortunately, we have since been made aware that AR is deceased. PH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Philip Zeitler, MD, PhD

Professor of Pediatrics and Clinical Science

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

PZ declares that he has no competing interests.

Julian P. Hamilton-Shield, MB, ChB, MD(Bristol), MRCP, FRCPCH, FRCPCH

Professor

Diabetes and Metabolic Endocrinology

School of Clinical Sciences

University of Bristol

UK

Disclosures

In the past, JPHS received speaking honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, Roche, Abbott, Novo-Nordisk, and Nutricia. None of these talks were directly pertinent to the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Kristen Nadeau, MD

Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

KN declares that she has no competing interests.

Dennis Styne, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Rumsey Chair of Pediatric Endocrinology

University of California

Sacramento

CA

Disclosures

DS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes care. 2025 Jan;48(suppl 1):S1-352.Full text

Shah AS, Barrientos-Pérez M, Chang N, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97(6):555-83.Full text  Abstract

Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022 Nov;23(7):835-56. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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