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Labio y paladar hendidos

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  • Descripción general
  • Teoría
  • Diagnóstico
  • Manejo
  • Seguimiento
  • Recursos
Evidencia revisada por última vez: 26 Feb 2026
Tema actualizado por última vez: 20 Apr 2023

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • labio hendido bilateral ± paladar
  • labio hendido unilateral ± paladar
  • paladar hendido aislado
  • labio hendido microforma
  • paladar hendido submucoso aislado
  • ultrasonido prenatal positivo
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • dificultad en la alimentación
  • aumento de peso deficiente
  • obstrucción de las vías respiratorias
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • predisposición genética
  • fármacos anticonvulsivos
  • consumo de tabaco en la madre
  • consumo de alcohol en la madre
  • deficiencia de ácido fólico
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • audiograma
  • consulta genética
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • prueba de potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral (PEATC)
  • estudios radiográficos de la columna vertebral
  • ultrasonido renal
  • hibridación fluorescente in situ (HFIS)
  • examen oftálmico
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

En curso

labio y paladar hendidos completos

paladar hendido aislado

labio hendido aislado

Colaboradores

Autores

Travis T. Tollefson, MD, MPH, FACS
Travis T. Tollefson

Professor and Director

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Cleft and Craniofacial Team

University of California Davis

Sacramento

CA

Divulgaciones

TTT has received an honorarium and reimbursement for travel by the AO Foundation for teaching on a facial trauma course. TTT serves on the American Board of Otolaryngology and the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and receives a royalty from Thieme publishing for the textbook Complete Cleft Care. TTT is an author of studies referenced in this topic. TTT serves as editor-in-chief of the journal ‘Facial Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine’.

David A. Shaye, MD
David A. Shaye

Instructor

Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Harvard University

Boston

MA

Disclosures

DAS has received an honorarium and reimbursement for travel by the AO Foundation for teaching on a facial trauma course.

Peer reviewers

Jordan N. Halsey, MD

Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgeon

Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery

Johns Hopkins University

Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery

University of South Florida

Tampa

FL

Disclosures

JNH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Veau V. Bec-de-lièvre; formes cliniques - chirurgie. Avec la collaboration de J Récamier. Paris, France: Masson et Cie; 1938.

Wyszynski DF, Beaty TH, Maestri NE. Genetics of nonsyndromic oral clefts revisited. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1996 Sep;33(5):406-17.Full text  Abstract

Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Palate examination: identification of cleft palate in the newborn. Oct 2014 [internet publication].Full text

American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial differences. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Boyce JO, Reilly S, Skeat J, et al. ABM Clinical Protocol #17: Guidelines for breastfeeding infants with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate-revised 2019. Breastfeed Med. 2019 Sep;14(7):437-44.Full text  Abstract

Cutting C, Grayson B, Brecht L, et al. Presurgical columellar elongation and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction in one-stage bilateral cleft lip and nose repair. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Sep;130(3):659-66. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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