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Diabetes mellitus gestacional

Última revisión: 21 Nov 2024
Última actualización: 06 Dec 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo (generalmente asintomáticos)
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • poliuria
  • polidipsia
  • macrosomía fetal en un embarazo anterior
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado
  • diabetes gestacional previa
  • anterior bebé macrosómico
  • antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus
  • ascendencia no blanca
  • edad materna avanzada (>40 años)
  • síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOPQ)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • glucosa en sangre (plasmática) al azar
  • HbA1c
  • glucosa plasmática en ayunas
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

glucosa plasmática en ayunas ≥7 mmol/L (≥126 mg/dL), o de 6 a 6.9 mmol/L (108-124 mg/dL) si el feto es de gran tamaño/polihidramnios

glucosa plasmática en ayunas <7 mmol/L (<126 mg/dL) sin feto grande/polihidramnios

trabajo de parto

Colaboradores

Autores

Eleanor Scott, BM, BS, MD, FRCP

Professor of Medicine (Diabetes and Maternal Health)

Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine

Leeds Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology

Leeds

UK

Divulgaciones

ES has received honoraria for talks given by Abbott Diabetes Care and Lilly Diabetes Care. ES has received research grant support from Abbott Diabetes Care in conjunction with the Medical Research Council (MRC) through an MRC industry collaboration agreement - this has gone directly to her University of Leeds employer.

Rebecca Spencer, MBChB, BSc, MRCOG, PhD

NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

Divulgaciones

RS is in receipt of a National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical Lectureship and an Academy of Medical Sciences Starter Grant. RS has acted as an unpaid consultant to Comanche Biopharma, who are developing a novel therapy for pre-eclampsia.

Agradecimientos

Dr Scott and Dr Spencer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ellen W. Seely, Dr Chloe Zera, Dr Jeremy Soule and Dr Leonard E. Egede, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

EWS and CZ declare that they have no competing interests. JS has undertaken research support and speakers' bureau activity for Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, and Sanofi-Aventis. LEE is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Revisores por pares

Helen Murphy, MBBch, BAO, FRACP, MD

Clinical Professor in Medicine (Diabetes and Antenatal Care)

University of East Anglia

Norwich

UK

Divulgaciones

HM sits on the Medtronic (insulin pump and CGM manufacturer) European scientific advisory board. HM has received research support (CGM sensors and insulin pumps) at reduced cost from Medtronic, Dexcom, and Johnson & Johnson. MH has contributed to educational events sponsored by NovoNordisk, Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott Diabetes Care.

  • Diferenciales

    • Diabetes tipo 1
    • Diabetes de tipo 2
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  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Standards of care in diabetes - 2023
    • Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Diabetes that develops in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)

    Diabetes: what can I do to keep healthy?

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