Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presencia de factores de riesgo (generalmente asintomáticos)
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- poliuria
- polidipsia
- macrosomía fetal en un embarazo anterior
Factores de riesgo
- índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado
- diabetes gestacional previa
- anterior bebé macrosómico
- antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus
- ascendencia no blanca
- edad materna avanzada (>40 años)
- síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOPQ)
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- glucosa en sangre (plasmática) al azar
- HbA1c
- glucosa plasmática en ayunas
Algoritmo de tratamiento
glucosa plasmática en ayunas ≥7 mmol/L (≥126 mg/dL), o de 6 a 6.9 mmol/L (108-124 mg/dL) si el feto es de gran tamaño/polihidramnios
glucosa plasmática en ayunas <7 mmol/L (<126 mg/dL) sin feto grande/polihidramnios
trabajo de parto
Colaboradores
Autores
Eleanor Scott, BM, BS, MD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine (Diabetes and Maternal Health)
Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine
Leeds Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology
Leeds
UK
Divulgaciones
ES has received honoraria for talks given by Abbott Diabetes Care and Lilly Diabetes Care. ES has received research grant support from Abbott Diabetes Care in conjunction with the Medical Research Council (MRC) through an MRC industry collaboration agreement - this has gone directly to her University of Leeds employer.
Rebecca Spencer, MBChB, BSc, MRCOG, PhD
NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University of Leeds
Leeds
UK
Divulgaciones
RS is in receipt of a National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical Lectureship and an Academy of Medical Sciences Starter Grant. RS has acted as an unpaid consultant to Comanche Biopharma, who are developing a novel therapy for pre-eclampsia.
Agradecimientos
Dr Scott and Dr Spencer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ellen W. Seely, Dr Chloe Zera, Dr Jeremy Soule and Dr Leonard E. Egede, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
EWS and CZ declare that they have no competing interests. JS has undertaken research support and speakers' bureau activity for Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, and Sanofi-Aventis. LEE is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Helen Murphy, MBBch, BAO, FRACP, MD
Clinical Professor in Medicine (Diabetes and Antenatal Care)
University of East Anglia
Norwich
UK
Divulgaciones
HM sits on the Medtronic (insulin pump and CGM manufacturer) European scientific advisory board. HM has received research support (CGM sensors and insulin pumps) at reduced cost from Medtronic, Dexcom, and Johnson & Johnson. MH has contributed to educational events sponsored by NovoNordisk, Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott Diabetes Care.
Diferenciales
- Diabetes tipo 1
- Diabetes de tipo 2
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Standards of care in diabetes - 2023
- Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period
Más Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Diabetes that develops in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
Diabetes: what can I do to keep healthy?
Más Folletos para el paciente- Inicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice
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