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Deficiencia de vitamina D

Última revisión: 17 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 29 May 2025

Resumen

Definición

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • arqueo de las piernas
  • ensanchamiento de los extremos de los huesos largos
  • retraso en la erupción de los dientes y caries dentales a edad temprana
  • deformidad torácica
  • molestias óseas pulsátiles y dolorosas y/o irritabilidad
  • sudoración por la cabeza
  • sensibilidad ósea localizada o generalizada a la palpación
  • debilidad muscular proximal
  • rosario costal
  • abombamiento frontal
  • marcha ansarina
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • retraso en el crecimiento
  • alcance tardío de hitos motores
  • fatiga y malestar general
  • síntomas de la hipocalcemia
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • exposición inadecuada a la luz solar
  • mayor pigmentación de la piel
  • >50 años de edad
  • ingesta insuficiente de vitamina D a través de la dieta y suplementos
  • malabsorción
  • obesidad
  • uso de determinados fármacos
  • mutaciones genéticas
  • antecedentes de tumor benigno o maligno
  • enfermedad renal crónica
  • enfermedades granulomatosas
  • hiperparatiroidismo primario
  • hipertiroidismo
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • 25-hidroxivitamina D sérica
  • calcio sérico
  • fosfato sérico en ayunas
  • fosfatasa alcalina en suero
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • radiografías simples de rodillas y muñecas
  • hormona paratiroidea (PTH) intacta
  • 1,25-hidroxivitamina D sérica
  • exploración de densidad ósea (DEXA)
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

insuficiencia

deficiencia

Colaboradores

Autores

Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD

Director Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory

Director Ehlers-Danlos Clinical Research Programme

Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics and Molecular Medicine

Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics

Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management

Boston University School of Medicine

Boston

MA

Declarações

MFH has a clinical research contract and consultant for Solius Inc., clinical and basic research contract and grant from Carbogen-Amcis, and is a consultant for Faes Farma, Adela, Ontometrics Inc., Eureka program, KBD Sperti Inc., and Biogena Inc. He is a speaker for Pulse Ltd, Abbott Inc., Sanofi Inc., Menarini Inc., PharmaEVO Pvt. Ltd., and a former board member of Bridge to Life. He also chaired the Endocrine Society’s 2011 practice guidelines on vitamin D. MFH is an author of The Vitamin D Solution and The UV Advantage. MFH is an author of references cited in this topic.

Revisores

Linda Lester, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition

School of Medicine

Oregon Health & Science University

Portland

OR

Declarações

LL declares that she has no competing interests.

Stefan Pilz, MD

General Practitioner

Resident at the Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine

Medical University of Graz

Graz

Austria

Declarações

SP is an author of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12;109(8):1907-47.Texto completo  Resumo

Chanchlani R, Nemer P, Sinha R, et al. An overview of rickets in children. Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Jul;5(7):980-90.Texto completo  Resumo

US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Apr 13;325(14):1436-42.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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