Resumen
Definición
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- arqueo de las piernas
- ensanchamiento de los extremos de los huesos largos
- retraso en la erupción de los dientes y caries dentales a edad temprana
- deformidad torácica
- molestias óseas pulsátiles y dolorosas y/o irritabilidad
- sudoración por la cabeza
- sensibilidad ósea localizada o generalizada a la palpación
- debilidad muscular proximal
- rosario costal
- abombamiento frontal
- marcha ansarina
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- retraso en el crecimiento
- alcance tardío de hitos motores
- fatiga y malestar general
- síntomas de la hipocalcemia
Fatores de risco
- exposición inadecuada a la luz solar
- mayor pigmentación de la piel
- >50 años de edad
- ingesta insuficiente de vitamina D a través de la dieta y suplementos
- malabsorción
- obesidad
- uso de determinados fármacos
- mutaciones genéticas
- antecedentes de tumor benigno o maligno
- enfermedad renal crónica
- enfermedades granulomatosas
- hiperparatiroidismo primario
- hipertiroidismo
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- 25-hidroxivitamina D sérica
- calcio sérico
- fosfato sérico en ayunas
- fosfatasa alcalina en suero
Investigações a serem consideradas
- radiografías simples de rodillas y muñecas
- hormona paratiroidea (PTH) intacta
- 1,25-hidroxivitamina D sérica
- exploración de densidad ósea (DEXA)
Algoritmo de tratamento
insuficiencia
deficiencia
Colaboradores
Autores
Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD
Director Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory
Director Ehlers-Danlos Clinical Research Programme
Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics and Molecular Medicine
Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston
MA
Declarações
MFH has a clinical research contract and consultant for Solius Inc., clinical and basic research contract and grant from Carbogen-Amcis, and is a consultant for Faes Farma, Adela, Ontometrics Inc., Eureka program, KBD Sperti Inc., and Biogena Inc. He is a speaker for Pulse Ltd, Abbott Inc., Sanofi Inc., Menarini Inc., PharmaEVO Pvt. Ltd., and a former board member of Bridge to Life. He also chaired the Endocrine Society’s 2011 practice guidelines on vitamin D. MFH is an author of The Vitamin D Solution and The UV Advantage. MFH is an author of references cited in this topic.
Revisores
Linda Lester, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition
School of Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland
OR
Declarações
LL declares that she has no competing interests.
Stefan Pilz, MD
General Practitioner
Resident at the Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine
Medical University of Graz
Graz
Austria
Declarações
SP is an author of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12;109(8):1907-47.Texto completo Resumo
Chanchlani R, Nemer P, Sinha R, et al. An overview of rickets in children. Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Jul;5(7):980-90.Texto completo Resumo
US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Apr 13;325(14):1436-42.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Hiperparatiroidismo primario
- Mieloma múltiple
- Fibromialgia
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