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Infección gripal

Last reviewed: 21 Sep 2025
Last updated: 19 Aug 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • estación invernal
  • brote actual de gripe
  • falta de vacunación
  • fiebre con tos
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dolor de garganta
  • linfadenopatía cervical
  • disnea
Full details

Risk factors

  • edad ≥65 años
  • edad de 6 a 59 meses
  • afecciones cardiovasculares o respiratorias crónicas
  • diabetes
  • hemoglobinopatía
  • estado inmunocomprometido
  • enfermedad renal crónica (ERC)
  • embarazo
  • cuidadores y personas con las que tengan contacto en el hogar de grupos de alto riesgo
  • profesionales de salud
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • diagnóstico clínico
Full details

Tests to consider

  • ensayos moleculares
  • pruebas de detección de antígenos
  • cultivo viral
  • serología
  • radiografía de tórax
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

exposición a personas infectadas en población de riesgo

ACUTE

adultos

niños

Contributors

Authors

Kyle Eggleton, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP(Dist)

Associate Dean Rural

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

KE declares that he has no competing interests.

Rachel Roskvist, MBChB, FRNZCGP, MHSc

Senior Lecturer

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

RR declares that she has no competing interests.

Bruce Arroll, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

BA declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Kyle Eggleton, Dr Rachel Roskvist, and Professor Bruce Arroll would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Cristine Radojicic, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

CR declares that she is on Advisory boards for CSL Behring and Speakers Bureau Biocryst.

Peer reviewers

Michael Ison, MD

Chief

Respiratory Diseases Branch

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Bethesda

MD

Disclosures

MI declares that he has no competing interests.

Waleed Javaid, MD, FACP, FIDSA

Associate Professor

Medical Director of Infection Control

Infectious Disease

Department of Medicine

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse

NY

Disclosures

WJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Rachel L. Miller, MD, FAAAAI

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Environmental Health Sciences

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York

NY

Declarações

RLM declares that she has no competing interests.

Mark Sands, MD, FAAAAI

Chief

SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine

Division Allergy and Immunology

Buffalo

NY

Declarações

MS declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Ghent

Belgium

Declarações

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

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Referências

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Principais artigos

Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 5;68(6):e1-47.Texto completo  Resumo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu). Feb 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

C​enters for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo  Resumo

UK Health Security Agency. Annual flu programme. May 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age (addendum updated July 2, 2025): recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age (addendum updated July 2, 2025): recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza antiviral medications: summary for clinicians. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
    • Neumonía bacteriana
    • Infección por rinovirus
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Statement on seasonal influenza vaccines for 2025-2026
    • Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years of younger, United States, 2025
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Antibióticos: Qué necesita saber

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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