When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Infección gripal

  • Visão geral
  • Teoria
  • Diagnóstico
  • Tratamento
  • ACOMPANHAMENTO
  • Recursos
Última revisão: 15 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 19 Aug 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • estación invernal
  • brote actual de gripe
  • falta de vacunación
  • fiebre con tos
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • dolor de garganta
  • linfadenopatía cervical
  • disnea
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • edad ≥65 años
  • edad de 6 a 59 meses
  • afecciones cardiovasculares o respiratorias crónicas
  • diabetes
  • hemoglobinopatía
  • estado inmunocomprometido
  • enfermedad renal crónica (ERC)
  • embarazo
  • cuidadores y personas con las que tengan contacto en el hogar de grupos de alto riesgo
  • profesionales de salud
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • diagnóstico clínico
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ensayos moleculares
  • pruebas de detección de antígenos
  • cultivo viral
  • serología
  • radiografía de tórax
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

exposición a personas infectadas en población de riesgo

AGUDA

adultos

niños

Colaboradores

Autores

Kyle Eggleton, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP(Dist)

Associate Dean Rural

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Declarações

KE declares that he has no competing interests.

Rachel Roskvist, MBChB, FRNZCGP, MHSc

Senior Lecturer

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Declarações

RR declares that she has no competing interests.

Bruce Arroll, MBChB PhD FRNZCGP

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

University of Auckland

Auckland

New Zealand

Disclosures

BA declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Kyle Eggleton, Dr Rachel Roskvist, and Professor Bruce Arroll would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Cristine Radojicic, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

CR declares that she is on Advisory boards for CSL Behring and Speakers Bureau Biocryst.

Peer reviewers

Michael Ison, MD

Chief

Respiratory Diseases Branch

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Bethesda

MD

Disclosures

MI declares that he has no competing interests.

Waleed Javaid, MD, FACP, FIDSA

Associate Professor

Medical Director of Infection Control

Infectious Disease

Department of Medicine

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse

NY

Disclosures

WJ declares that he has no competing interests.

Rachel L. Miller, MD, FAAAAI

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Environmental Health Sciences

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

New York

NY

Disclosures

RLM declares that she has no competing interests.

Mark Sands, MD, FAAAAI

Chief

SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine

Division Allergy and Immunology

Buffalo

NY

Disclosures

MS declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Ghent

Belgium

Disclosures

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 5;68(6):e1-47.Full text  Abstract

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu). Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text

C​enters for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

UK Health Security Agency. Annual flu programme. May 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ​Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age (addendum updated July 2, 2025): recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2025. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age (addendum updated July 2, 2025): recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2025. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza antiviral medications: summary for clinicians. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

  • Differentials

    • Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
    • Neumonía bacteriana
    • Infección por rinovirus
    More Differentials

  • Guidelines

    • Statement on seasonal influenza vaccines for 2025-2026
    • Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years of younger, United States, 2025
    More Guidelines

  • Patient information

    Antibióticos: Qué necesita saber

    More Patient information
  • padlock-lockedLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer