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Retinopatía diabética

Last reviewed: 13 Feb 2025
Last updated: 05 Nov 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • diabetes
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • microaneurismas
  • exudados algodonosos
  • hemorragia intrarretiniana
  • exudados lipídicos
  • edema macular
  • rosario venoso
  • anomalías microvasculares intrarretinianas
  • neovascularización de la papila óptica
  • neovascularización de la retina
  • hemorragia prerretiniana o vítrea
  • desprendimiento de retina
Full details

Risk factors

  • diabetes de duración más prolongada
  • control glucémico deficiente
  • niveles elevados de lípidos
  • hipertensión
  • nefropatía
  • grupo étnico
  • embarazo
  • cirugía de cataratas
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • tomografía de coherencia óptica
  • fotografía de fondo de ojo/fotografía de fondo de ojo de gran campo
Full details

Tests to consider

  • angiografía fluoresceínica/angiografía fluoresceínica de campo amplio
  • angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica
  • Ecografía B-scan
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

retinopatía diabética no proliferativa

retinopatía diabética proliferativa

Neovascularización del iris

Retinopatía diabética proliferativa avanzada

ONGOING

edema macular que no responde al tratamiento intravítreo con anti-VEGF

edema macular con tracción vitreomacular anteroposterior

edema macular crónico, isquemia macular, desprendimiento macular crónico, atrofia óptica secundaria a glaucoma neovascular

Contributors

Authors

Jonathan Dowler, MD, FRCS, FRCOphth
Jonathan Dowler

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon

The London Clinic

London

UK

Disclosures

JD declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Jonathan Dowler would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robin Hamilton, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

RH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Adrienne W Scott, MD

​Chief

Wilmer Eye Institute

Bel Air

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

AWS has received grant support and consulting honoraria from Genentech/Roche. She has also received consulting honoraria from Allergan/AbbVie Inc., Novartis, Regeneron, Bausch and Lomb, and Alimera Sciences.

  • Retinopatía diabética images
  • Differentials

    • Síndrome isquémico ocular
    • Retinopatía por radiación
    • Oclusión venosa retiniana
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Standards of care in diabetes
    • Vision rehabilitation: preferred practice pattern
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Diabetes type 2: should I take insulin?

    Diabetes type 2: what treatments work?

    More Patient information
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