Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- diabetes
Other diagnostic factors
- microaneurismas
- exudados algodonosos
- hemorragia intrarretiniana
- exudados lipídicos
- edema macular
- rosario venoso
- anomalías microvasculares intrarretinianas
- neovascularización de la papila óptica
- neovascularización de la retina
- hemorragia prerretiniana o vítrea
- desprendimiento de retina
Risk factors
- diabetes de duración más prolongada
- control glucémico deficiente
- niveles elevados de lípidos
- hipertensión
- nefropatía
- grupo étnico
- embarazo
- cirugía de cataratas
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- tomografía de coherencia óptica
- fotografía de fondo de ojo/fotografía de fondo de ojo de gran campo
Tests to consider
- angiografía fluoresceínica/angiografía fluoresceínica de campo amplio
- angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica
- Ecografía B-scan
Treatment algorithm
retinopatía diabética no proliferativa
retinopatía diabética proliferativa
Neovascularización del iris
Retinopatía diabética proliferativa avanzada
edema macular que no responde al tratamiento intravítreo con anti-VEGF
edema macular con tracción vitreomacular anteroposterior
edema macular crónico, isquemia macular, desprendimiento macular crónico, atrofia óptica secundaria a glaucoma neovascular
Contributors
Authors
Jonathan Dowler, MD, FRCS, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
The London Clinic
London
UK
Disclosures
JD declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Jonathan Dowler would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robin Hamilton, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
RH declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Adrienne W Scott, MD
Chief
Wilmer Eye Institute
Bel Air
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
AWS has received grant support and consulting honoraria from Genentech/Roche. She has also received consulting honoraria from Allergan/AbbVie Inc., Novartis, Regeneron, Bausch and Lomb, and Alimera Sciences.
References
Key articles
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text
Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.Full text Abstract
Solomon SD, Chew E, Duh EJ, et al. Diabetic retinopathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017 Mar;40(3):412-8.Full text Abstract
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice patterns: retina summary benchmarks. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Síndrome isquémico ocular
- Retinopatía por radiación
- Oclusión venosa retiniana
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Standards of care in diabetes
- Vision rehabilitation: preferred practice pattern
More GuidelinesPatient information
Diabetes tipo 2: ¿Qué tratamientos funciona?
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