Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- hipertensión
- signos de retinopatía
- edema
Other diagnostic factors
- visión deficiente
- entumecimiento de las extremidades inferiores
- dolor de las extremidades inferiores
- síntomas constitucionales (enfermedad avanzada)
- cambios en los pies
- hipotensión ortostática
- cambios en la piel
- atrofia muscular
- palidez (al disminuir la tasa de filtración glomerular)
- tendencia al sangrado (enfermedad avanzada)
- respiración de Kussmaul (enfermedad avanzada)
Risk factors
- hiperglucemia sostenida
- hipertensión
- antecedentes familiares de hipertensión y/o enfermedad renal.
- obesidad
- tabaquismo
- inactividad física
- dislipidemia
- ingesta elevada de proteínas, grasas y sodio
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- análisis de orina
- relación albúmina/creatinina en orina (RAC)
- creatinina sérica con estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG)
- ultrasonido de riñón
Investigations to consider
- cistatina C con estimación de TFG
- tasa de excreción de albúmina (TEA)
- tomografía computarizada (TC) de abdomen
- angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM)
- ultrasonido Doppler
- biopsia renal
Treatment algorithm
diabetes de tipo 1 con nefropatía: sin diálisis
diabetes de tipo 2 con nefropatía: sin diálisis
en diálisis peritoneal o hemodiálisis
Contributors
Authors
David J. Leehey, MD, FACP

Professor of Medicine
Division of Nephrology
Loyola University Medical Center
Maywood
IL
Disclosures
DJL declares that he has no competing interests. DJL is an author of references cited in this topic.
Irfan Moinuddin, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield
IL
Disclosures
IM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Rajiv Agarwal, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Division of Nephrology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis
IN
Disclosures
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
Merlin C. Thomas, PhD
Associate Professor
Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute
Melbourne
Australia
Раскрытие информации
MCT has received honoraria for speaking and educational sessions conducted by Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Abbott, Amgen, and Jansen-Cilag.
Damian Fogarty, BSc, MD, FRCP
Consultant/Senior Lecturer in Renal Medicine
Belfast City Hospital and Queen's University Belfast
Belfast City Hospital
Belfast
Northern Ireland
UK
Раскрытие информации
DF has no share options, research support, or employment with pharmaceutical companies. He has received one-time speaking fees to cover his time preparing educational talks in the broad areas of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, promoting early recognition and evidence-based or best practice management.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Список литературы
Основные статьи
American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(suppl 1):S1-321.Полный текст
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022 Nov;102(5s):S1-127.Полный текст Аннотация
de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022 Dec 1;45(12):3075-90.Полный текст Аннотация
Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Полный текст Аннотация
Lo C, Toyama T, Wang Y, et al. Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 24;(9):CD011798.Полный текст Аннотация
Статьи, указанные как источники
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Отличия
- Enfermedad renal no diabética
- Mieloma múltiple
- Obstrucción en las vías urinarias
Больше ОтличияРекомендации
- Standards of care in diabetes - 2024
- Newer pharmacologic treatments in adults with type 2 diabetes
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