When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Enfermedad renal diabética

Last reviewed: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 15 Jan 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • hipertensión
  • signos de retinopatía
  • edema
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • visión deficiente
  • entumecimiento de las extremidades inferiores
  • dolor de las extremidades inferiores
  • síntomas constitucionales (enfermedad avanzada)
  • cambios en los pies
  • hipotensión ortostática
  • cambios en la piel
  • atrofia muscular
  • palidez (al disminuir la tasa de filtración glomerular)
  • tendencia al sangrado (enfermedad avanzada)
  • respiración de Kussmaul (enfermedad avanzada)
Full details

Risk factors

  • hiperglucemia sostenida
  • hipertensión
  • antecedentes familiares de hipertensión y/o enfermedad renal.
  • obesidad
  • tabaquismo
  • inactividad física
  • dislipidemia
  • ingesta elevada de proteínas, grasas y sodio
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • análisis de orina
  • relación albúmina/creatinina en orina (RAC)
  • creatinina sérica con estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG)
  • ultrasonido de riñón
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • cistatina C con estimación de TFG
  • tasa de excreción de albúmina (TEA)
  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de abdomen
  • angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM)
  • ultrasonido Doppler
  • biopsia renal
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

diabetes de tipo 1 con nefropatía: sin diálisis

diabetes de tipo 2 con nefropatía: sin diálisis

en diálisis peritoneal o hemodiálisis

Contributors

Authors

David J. Leehey, MD, FACP
David J. Leehey

Professor of Medicine

Division of Nephrology

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood

IL

Disclosures

DJL declares that he has no competing interests. DJL is an author of references cited in this topic.

Irfan Moinuddin, MD
Irfan Moinuddin

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Springfield

IL

Disclosures

IM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Rajiv Agarwal, MD

Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

Division of Nephrology

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis

IN

Disclosures

RA declares that he has no competing interests.

Merlin C. Thomas, PhD

Associate Professor

Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute

Melbourne

Australia

Раскрытие информации

MCT has received honoraria for speaking and educational sessions conducted by Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Abbott, Amgen, and Jansen-Cilag.

Damian Fogarty, BSc, MD, FRCP

Consultant/Senior Lecturer in Renal Medicine

Belfast City Hospital and Queen's University Belfast

Belfast City Hospital

Belfast

Northern Ireland

UK

Раскрытие информации

DF has no share options, research support, or employment with pharmaceutical companies. He has received one-time speaking fees to cover his time preparing educational talks in the broad areas of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, promoting early recognition and evidence-based or best practice management.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Основные статьи

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(suppl 1):S1-321.Полный текст

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022 Nov;102(5s):S1-127.Полный текст  Аннотация

de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022 Dec 1;45(12):3075-90.Полный текст  Аннотация

Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Полный текст  Аннотация

Lo C, Toyama T, Wang Y, et al. Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 24;(9):CD011798.Полный текст  Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Использование этого контента попадает под действие нашего заявления об отказе от ответственности