Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- dolor abdominal
- abdomen doloroso a la palpación
- presencia de factores de riesgo
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- hematoquecia/melena
- diarrea
- náuseas
- pérdida de peso
- soplo abdominal
- vasculitis
- aturdimiento, palidez, disnea
- miedo a ingerir alimentos (sitofobia)
Factores de riesgo
- edad avanzada
- antecedentes de tabaquismo
- estados de hipercoagulabilidad
- fibrilación auricular
- infarto de miocardio
- defectos estructurales del corazón
- antecedentes de vasculitis
- cirugía cardiovascular reciente
- shock
- insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
- aterosclerosis
- síndrome del intestino irritable
- carcinoma colónico
- estreñimiento
- uso de laxantes a largo plazo
- uso de vasopresores, digoxina, cocaína
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- exploración por tomografía computarizada (TC)/angiografía por TC
- hemograma completo (HC)
- Gasometría arterial y lactato sérico
- urea y electrolitos
- pruebas de función hepática
- proteína C-reactiva
- estudios de coagulación, agrupar y guardar y comparar
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
- radiografía de tórax (RT) en bipedestación
- sigmoidoscopia o colonoscopia
- endoscopia del tracto gastrointestinal superior
- dímero D
Tests to consider
- angiografía mesentérica
- ultrasonido dúplex/doppler mesentérico
- angiografía por resonancia magnética
- amilasa
- estudios para la detección de huevos, quistes y parásitos
- cultivo fecal
- Ensayo de toxina de Clostridium difficile
- radiografías de abdomen
Treatment algorithm
evidencia de infarto, perforación o peritonitis en la tomografía computarizada diagnóstica
no hay evidencia de infarto, perforación o peritonitis en la tomografía computarizada de diagnóstico
isquemia mesentérica crónica
Colitis por isquemia
isquemia colónica no aguda
Contributors
Expert advisers
Jennifer Straatman
Consultant Upper GI surgeon
Queen Alexandra Hospital
Portsmouth
UK
Disclosures
JS declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Alex von Roon, MB, ChB, PhD, FRCS
Clinical Senior Lecturer
Honorary Consultant Colorectal Surgeon
Department of Surgery and Cancer
Imperial College London
London
UK
James Lewis, MBBS, BSc, MRCS
Clinical Research Fellow
Department of Surgery and Cancer
Imperial College London
London
UK
John Abercrombie FRCS
General and Colorectal Surgeon
Queen’s Medical Centre
Nottingham
UK
Disclosures
AVR and JL declare that they have no competing interests. JA is a member of the Council of The Royal College of Surgeons of England and Clinical Lead for General Surgery, Getting It Right First Time. JA provides expert advice regarding suitability of surgical treatments for Spire Healthcare.
Peer reviewers
Frances Howse, MA (Oxon), BM (Hons), FRCS (Eng)
Consultant
Acute and General Surgery
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Southampton
UK
Disclosures
FH declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Bala M, Catena F, Kashuk J, et al. Acute mesenteric ischemia: updated guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery. World J Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct 19;17(1):54.Full text Abstract
Tilsed JV, Casamassima A, Kurihara H, et al. ESTES guidelines: acute mesenteric ischaemia. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2016 Apr;42(2):253-70.Full text Abstract
Terlouw LG, Moelker A, Abrahamsen J, et al. European guidelines on chronic mesenteric ischaemia: joint United European Gastroenterology, European Association for Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition, European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, Netherlands Association of Hepatogastroenterologists, Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology, Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, and Dutch Mesenteric Ischemia Study group clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic mesenteric ischaemia. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020 May;8(4):371-95.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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