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Enfermedad ulcerosa péptica

Last reviewed: 18 Jan 2026
Last updated: 27 Feb 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • dolor abdominal
  • "signo indicador"
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • sensibilidad a la palpación en epigastrio
  • náuseas o vómitos
  • saciedad temprana
  • pérdida de peso o anorexia
  • diarrea
  • síntomas de anemia
  • sangrado gastrointestinal (GI)
  • shock hipotensivo o séptico
  • ruidos de sucusión
Full details

Risk factors

  • Infección por Helicobacter pylori
  • consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)
  • tabaquismo
  • mayor edad
  • antecedentes personales de enfermedad ulcerosa péptica
  • antecedentes familiares de enfermedad ulcerosa péptica
  • paciente en cuidados intensivos
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • prueba de aliento con urea o prueba de antígeno en heces para detectar Helicobacter pylori
  • endoscopia del tracto gastrointestinal superior
  • hemograma completo (HC)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • nivel de gastrina sérica en ayunas
  • ATC abdomen y pelvis sin y con contraste
  • arteriografía visceral
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

úlcera con sangrado activo

sin sangrado activo: negativo para Helicobacter pylori

sin sangrado activo: positivo para Helicobacter pylori

ONGOING

recurrencias frecuentes, úlceras grandes o refractarias

Úlcera asociada a los AINE refractaria al tratamiento de supresión de ácido

Contributors

Authors

Nimish Vakil, MD, FACP, AGAF, FASGE, FACG

Clinical Adjunct Professor

School of Medicine and Public Health

University of Wisconsin

Madison

WI

Disclosures

NM is a consultant for Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Redhill Pharmaceuticals, and ISOThrive Inc. NM is an author of the Merck Manual.

Acknowledgements

The contributors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marty M Meyer and Dr Steven Moss, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

SM is on the speaker's bureau for Otsuka, the manufacturer of Helicobacter pylori breath-test kits. MMM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Lise Lotte Gluud, MD

Consultant

Gastrounit Medical Division

Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre

Copenhagen

Denmark

Disclosures

LLG declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG clinical guideline: management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):988-1013.Full text  Abstract

Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):212-39.Full text  Abstract

Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;116(5):899-917. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Cáncer de esófago
    • Cáncer estomacal
    • Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • ACR appropriateness criteria: nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
    • ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Úlceras pépticas

    More Patient information
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