Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- dolor abdominal
- "signo indicador"
Other diagnostic factors
- sensibilidad a la palpación en epigastrio
- náuseas o vómitos
- saciedad temprana
- pérdida de peso o anorexia
- diarrea
- síntomas de anemia
- sangrado gastrointestinal (GI)
- shock hipotensivo o séptico
- ruidos de sucusión
Risk factors
- Infección por Helicobacter pylori
- consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)
- tabaquismo
- mayor edad
- antecedentes personales de enfermedad ulcerosa péptica
- antecedentes familiares de enfermedad ulcerosa péptica
- paciente en cuidados intensivos
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- prueba de aliento con urea o prueba de antígeno en heces para detectar Helicobacter pylori
- endoscopia del tracto gastrointestinal superior
- hemograma completo (HC)
Tests to consider
- nivel de gastrina sérica en ayunas
- ATC abdomen y pelvis sin y con contraste
- arteriografía visceral
Treatment algorithm
úlcera con sangrado activo
sin sangrado activo: negativo para Helicobacter pylori
sin sangrado activo: positivo para Helicobacter pylori
recurrencias frecuentes, úlceras grandes o refractarias
Úlcera asociada a los AINE refractaria al tratamiento de supresión de ácido
Contributors
Authors
Nimish Vakil, MD, FACP, AGAF, FASGE, FACG
Clinical Adjunct Professor
School of Medicine and Public Health
University of Wisconsin
Madison
WI
Disclosures
NM is a consultant for Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Redhill Pharmaceuticals, and ISOThrive Inc. NM is an author of the Merck Manual.
Acknowledgements
The contributors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Marty M Meyer and Dr Steven Moss, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
SM is on the speaker's bureau for Otsuka, the manufacturer of Helicobacter pylori breath-test kits. MMM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Lise Lotte Gluud, MD
Consultant
Gastrounit Medical Division
Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre
Copenhagen
Denmark
Disclosures
LLG declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG clinical guideline: management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):988-1013.Full text Abstract
Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, et al. ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb;112(2):212-39.Full text Abstract
Laine L, Barkun AN, Saltzman JR, et al. ACG clinical guideline: upper gastrointestinal and ulcer bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;116(5):899-917. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Cáncer de esófago
- Cáncer estomacal
- Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- ACR appropriateness criteria: nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- ACG clinical guideline: treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
More GuidelinesPatient information
Úlceras pépticas
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