Colangitis aguda
Summary
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- dolor en el cuadrante superior derecho (CSD)/dolor abdominal superior
- sensibilidad a la palpación en el CSD/abdomen superior
- ictericia
- fiebre
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- heces pálidas
- prurito
- hipotensión
- cambios en el estado mental
Factores de riesgo
- >50 años de edad
- colelitiasis
- estenosis benigna
- estenosis maligna
- lesión de los conductos biliares posterior a algún procedimiento
- antecedentes de colangitis esclerosante primaria
- antecedentes de colangitis esclerosante secundaria
- Infección por VIH
- inhibidores del punto de control inmunológico
- Enfermedad relacionada con IgG4
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- hemograma completo (HC)
- urea sérica
- creatinina sérica
- análisis de gasometría arterial (GSA)
- pruebas de función hepática (PFH) séricas
- proteína C-reactiva
- potasio sérico
- magnesio sérico
- hemocultivos
- perfil de coagulación
- ecografía de abdomen
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- tomografía computarizada (TC) abdominal con contraste intravenoso
- colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)
- colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)
- colangiografía transhepática percutánea (CTP)
- ecoendoscopia
Algoritmo de tratamiento
gravemente enfermo
con coledocolitiasis, colangitis esclerosante primaria (CEP) o colangiopatía asociada al VIH
Colaboradores
Consejeros especializados
Christian Macutkiewicz, MD, FHEA, FRCS
Consultant General & Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgeon
Manchester Royal Infirmary
Manchester
UK
Disclosures
CM declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributor, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Douglas G. Adler, MD, FACG, AGAF, FASGE
Professor of Medicine
Director
Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy (CATE)
Porter Adventist Hospital
Centura Health
Denver
CO
Disclosures: DGA has consulted for Boston Scientific, Merit Medical, and Olympus, who make endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) products, and has also consulted for AbbVie Pharmaceuticals. He is an author of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
David J. Hackam, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatric Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh
PA
Disclosures
DJH declares that he has no competing interests.
Todd Baron, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mayo Clinic Rochester
Rochester
MN
Disclosures
TB declares that he has no competing interests.
Dennis Freshwater, MB, BS, MD, FRCP
Consultant Hepatologist
The Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit
Queen Elizabeth Medical Care Unit
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham
UK
Disclosures
DF declares that he has no competing interests.
Bertus Eksteen, MRCP, PhD, MRC
Clinical Scientist
University of Birmingham
Honorary Consultant
Liver Transplant Unit
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham
UK
Disclosures
BE declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Kiriyama S, Kozaka K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):17-30.Full text Abstract
Miura F, Okamoto K, Takada T, et al. Tokyo guidelines 2018: initial management of acute biliary infection and flowchart for acute cholangitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):31-40.Full text Abstract
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Gallstone disease: diagnosis and management. October 2014 [internet publication].Full text
Gomi H, Solomkin JS, Schlossberg D, et al. Tokyo Guidelines 2018: antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2018 Jan;25(1):3-16.Full text Abstract
Mukai S, Itoi T, Baron TH, et al. Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017 Oct;24(10):537-49.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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