Pancreatitis aguda

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Evidence last reviewed: 20 Feb 2026
Topic last updated: 07 Oct 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • dolor abdominal superior
  • náuseas y vómitos
  • signos de hipovolemia
  • signos de derrame pleural
  • anorexia
  • presencia de factores de riesgo
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • signos de disfunción de los órganos
  • disnea
  • ictericia
  • Signo de Chvostek
  • hematomas equimóticos y decoloración (signo de Cullen / Grey-Turner / Fox) (raro)
Full details

Risk factors

  • mujeres de mediana edad
  • hombres jóvenes y de edad mediana
  • cálculos biliares
  • alcohol
  • hipertrigliceridemia
  • uso de fármacos causales
  • colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)
  • traumatismo
  • hipercalcemia
  • paperas
  • virus Coxsackie
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • lupus eritematoso sistémico
  • síndrome de Sjögren
  • páncreas divisum
  • cáncer de páncreas
  • disfunción del esfínter de Oddi
  • antecedentes familiares de pancreatitis
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • lipasa y amilasa en suero
  • hemograma completo (HC) y con diferencial
  • proteína C reactiva (PCR)
  • Urea/creatinina
  • oximetría de pulso
  • pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
  • radiografía del tórax (RT)
  • ecografía de abdomen
  • calcio sérico
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • triglicéridos séricos
  • tomografía computarizada abdominal (TCC)
  • ultrasonido endoscópico (UE)
  • colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)
  • gasometría arterial
Full details

Emerging tests

  • tripsinógeno-2 en orina
  • IL-6 e IL-8 séricas
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos los pacientes

ONGOING

deterioro o falta de mejora después de 5-7 días

Contributors

Expert advisers

Alexander Alexiou, MBBS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Barts Health NHS Trust

Physician Response Unit Consultant

London’s Air Ambulance

Royal London Hospital

UK

Disclosures

AA declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:

Nicholas J. Zyromski, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Department of Surgery

Indiana University

Indianapolis

IN

Johann Grundlingh, MBChB, FCEM, FFICM, EDICM, DFMS, DipMedTox, MMedTox, MSB, ERT, MEWI, MBA

Emergency Medicine Consultant

Royal London Hospital

Barts Health NHS Trust

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Queen Mary University

London

UK

Disclosures

JG declares that he has no competing interests. NJZ is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Sven van Dijk, MD

Department of Surgery

Amsterdam UMC

University of Amsterdam

Amsterdam

Department of Surgery

St Antonius Hospital

Nieuwegein

The Netherlands

Disclosures

SvD declares that he has no competing interests.

Marc G Besselink, MD, PhD, MSc

Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgeon

Department of Surgery

Amsterdam UMC

University of Amsterdam

Principal Investigator

Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group

Academic Medical Center

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

None declared

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatitis. December 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15. Abstract

Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 suppl 2):e1-15. Abstract

Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Videos

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  • Patient information

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