Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- dolor abdominal superior
- náuseas y vómitos
- signos de hipovolemia
- signos de derrame pleural
- anorexia
- presencia de factores de riesgo
Other diagnostic factors
- signos de disfunción de los órganos
- disnea
- ictericia
- Signo de Chvostek
- hematomas equimóticos y decoloración (signo de Cullen / Grey-Turner / Fox) (raro)
Risk factors
- mujeres de mediana edad
- hombres jóvenes y de edad mediana
- cálculos biliares
- alcohol
- hipertrigliceridemia
- uso de fármacos causales
- colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE)
- traumatismo
- hipercalcemia
- paperas
- virus Coxsackie
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- lupus eritematoso sistémico
- síndrome de Sjögren
- páncreas divisum
- cáncer de páncreas
- disfunción del esfínter de Oddi
- antecedentes familiares de pancreatitis
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- lipasa y amilasa en suero
- hemograma completo (HC) y con diferencial
- proteína C reactiva (PCR)
- Urea/creatinina
- oximetría de pulso
- pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
- radiografía del tórax (RT)
- ecografía de abdomen
- calcio sérico
Investigations to consider
- triglicéridos séricos
- tomografía computarizada abdominal (TCC)
- ultrasonido endoscópico (UE)
- colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM)
- gasometría arterial
Emerging tests
- tripsinógeno-2 en orina
- IL-6 e IL-8 séricas
Treatment algorithm
todos los pacientes
deterioro o falta de mejora después de 5-7 días
Contributors
Expert advisers
Alexander Alexiou, MBBS, BSc, DCH, FRCEM, Dip IMC RCSEd
Emergency Medicine Consultant
Barts Health NHS Trust
Physician Response Unit Consultant
London’s Air Ambulance
Royal London Hospital
UK
Disclosures
AA declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice would like to gratefully acknowledge the previous expert contributors, whose work has been retained in parts of the content:
Nicholas J. Zyromski, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Surgery
Indiana University
Indianapolis
IN
Johann Grundlingh, MBChB, FCEM, FFICM, EDICM, DFMS, DipMedTox, MMedTox, MSB, ERT, MEWI, MBA
Emergency Medicine Consultant
Royal London Hospital
Barts Health NHS Trust
Honorary Senior Lecturer
Queen Mary University
London
UK
Disclosures
JG declares that he has no competing interests. NJZ is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Sven van Dijk, MD
Department of Surgery
Amsterdam UMC
University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Department of Surgery
St Antonius Hospital
Nieuwegein
The Netherlands
Disclosures
SvD declares that he has no competing interests.
Marc G Besselink, MD, PhD, MSc
Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgeon
Department of Surgery
Amsterdam UMC
University of Amsterdam
Principal Investigator
Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Academic Medical Center
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
None declared
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatitis. December 2020 [internet publication].Full text
Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;108(9):1400-15. Abstract
Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text Abstract
Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 suppl 2):e1-15. Abstract
Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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