Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- temperatura alta (>38°C) o baja (<36°C)
- taquicardia
- taquipnea
- alteración aguda del estado mental
- llenado capilar deficiente, piel moteada o apariencia grisácea
- signos asociados con una fuente de infección específica
- baja saturación de oxígeno
- hipotensión arterial
- disminución de la diuresis
- cianosis
Other diagnostic factors
- púrpura fulminante
- ictericia
- íleo
Risk factors
- neoplasia maligna subyacente
- edad >65 años
- compromiso inmunológico
- hemodiálisis
- alcoholismo
- diabetes mellitus
- cirugía reciente u otros procedimientos invasivos
- afectación de la integridad de la piel
- sondas intravenosas o urinarias permanentes
- consumo de drogas ilícitas por vía intravenosa
- embarazo
- residencia en centros urbanos
- enfermedad pulmonar
- sexo masculino
- ascendencia no blanca
- estación invernal
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
- urea en sangre y electrolitos séricos
- creatinina sérica
- pruebas de función hepática
- estudios de coagulación (índice internacional normalizado [INR], tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada [TTPa])
- glucosa sérica
- niveles de lactato
- proteína C-reactiva
- hemocultivo
- otros cultivos (p. ej., de esputo, heces, orina, heridas, catéteres, implantes protésicos, áreas epidurales y líquido peritoneal o pleural)
- gasometría arterial (GSA) o gasometría venosa (GSV)
- radiografía de tórax
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
Investigations to consider
- punción lumbar
- ecocardiograma (transtorácico o transesofágico)
- ultrasonido
- TC de tórax o abdomen
- procalcitonina sérica
Treatment algorithm
sepsis supuesta o confirmada
Contributors
Authors
Andre C. Kalil, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, FCCM
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Disclosures
ACK declares that he has no competing interests. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.
Kelly Cawcutt, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Disclosures
KC declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Professor Andre Kalil and Dr Kelly Cawcutt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ron Daniels, Dr Matt Inada-Kim, Dr Aamir Saifuddin, Dr Tim Nutbeam, Dr Edward Berry, Dr Lewys Richmond, and Dr Paul Kempen, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
RD has received payment for consultancy on sepsis from Kimal Plc, manufacturers of vascular access devices; from the Northumbria Partnership, a patient safety collaborative; and, where annual leave or other income was compromised in fulfilling his charity duties, from the UK Sepsis Trust. RD has received sponsorship to attend and speak at one meeting from Abbott Diagnostics. He is CEO of the UK Sepsis Trust and Global Sepsis Alliance, and advises HM Government, the World Health Organization, and NHS England on sepsis. Each of these positions demands that he express opinion on strategies around the recognition and management of sepsis. MIK is a national clinical advisor on sepsis to NHS England and a national clinical advisor on deterioration to NHS Improvement. He was reimbursed for a slide set by Relias Learning. AS is the clinical fellow to the National Medical Director at NHS Improvement. AS has been sponsored on two occasions by Dr Falk Pharma UK to attend specialist gastroenterology conferences abroad; there was no contractual obligation to disseminate product information. TN is a clinical adviser to the UK Sepsis Trust. EB, LR, and PK declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Steven M. Opal, MD, FIDSA
Professor of Medicine
Infectious Disease Division
Rhode Island Hospital
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence
RI
Declarações
SMO declares that he has no competing interests.
Laura Evans, MD, MSc, FCCP, FCCM
Associate Professor
NYU School of Medicine
Medical Director of Critical Care
Bellevue Hospital Center
New York
NY
Declarações
LE serves as the guidelines co-chair and on the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
Créditos aos pareceristas
Os tópicos do BMJ Best Practice são constantemente atualizados, seguindo os desenvolvimentos das evidências e das diretrizes. Os pareceristas aqui listados revisaram o conteúdo pelo menos uma vez durante a história do tópico.
Declarações
As afiliações e declarações dos pareceristas referem--se ao momento da revisão.
Referências
Principais artigos
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Texto completo Resumo
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo
Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.Texto completo Resumo
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

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