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Sepsis en adultos

Last reviewed: 25 Sep 2025
Last updated: 03 Dec 2020

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • temperatura alta (>38°C) o baja (<36°C)
  • taquicardia
  • taquipnea
  • alteración aguda del estado mental
  • llenado capilar deficiente, piel moteada o apariencia grisácea
  • signos asociados con una fuente de infección específica
  • baja saturación de oxígeno
  • hipotensión arterial
  • disminución de la diuresis
  • cianosis
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • púrpura fulminante
  • ictericia
  • íleo
Full details

Risk factors

  • neoplasia maligna subyacente
  • edad >65 años
  • compromiso inmunológico
  • hemodiálisis
  • alcoholismo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • cirugía reciente u otros procedimientos invasivos
  • afectación de la integridad de la piel
  • sondas intravenosas o urinarias permanentes
  • consumo de drogas ilícitas por vía intravenosa
  • embarazo
  • residencia en centros urbanos
  • enfermedad pulmonar
  • sexo masculino
  • ascendencia no blanca
  • estación invernal
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
  • urea en sangre y electrolitos séricos
  • creatinina sérica
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • estudios de coagulación (índice internacional normalizado [INR], tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada [TTPa])
  • glucosa sérica
  • niveles de lactato
  • proteína C-reactiva
  • hemocultivo
  • otros cultivos (p. ej., de esputo, heces, orina, heridas, catéteres, implantes protésicos, áreas epidurales y líquido peritoneal o pleural)
  • gasometría arterial (GSA) o gasometría venosa (GSV)
  • radiografía de tórax
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • punción lumbar
  • ecocardiograma (transtorácico o transesofágico)
  • ultrasonido
  • TC de tórax o abdomen
  • procalcitonina sérica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

sepsis supuesta o confirmada

Contributors

Authors

Andre C. Kalil, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, FCCM

Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha

NE

Disclosures

ACK declares that he has no competing interests. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.

Kelly Cawcutt, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha

NE

Disclosures

KC declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Professor Andre Kalil and Dr Kelly Cawcutt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ron Daniels, Dr Matt Inada-Kim, Dr Aamir Saifuddin, Dr Tim Nutbeam, Dr Edward Berry, Dr Lewys Richmond, and Dr Paul Kempen, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

RD has received payment for consultancy on sepsis from Kimal Plc, manufacturers of vascular access devices; from the Northumbria Partnership, a patient safety collaborative; and, where annual leave or other income was compromised in fulfilling his charity duties, from the UK Sepsis Trust. RD has received sponsorship to attend and speak at one meeting from Abbott Diagnostics. He is CEO of the UK Sepsis Trust and Global Sepsis Alliance, and advises HM Government, the World Health Organization, and NHS England on sepsis. Each of these positions demands that he express opinion on strategies around the recognition and management of sepsis. MIK is a national clinical advisor on sepsis to NHS England and a national clinical advisor on deterioration to NHS Improvement. He was reimbursed for a slide set by Relias Learning. AS is the clinical fellow to the National Medical Director at NHS Improvement. AS has been sponsored on two occasions by Dr Falk Pharma UK to attend specialist gastroenterology conferences abroad; there was no contractual obligation to disseminate product information. TN is a clinical adviser to the UK Sepsis Trust. EB, LR, and PK declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Steven M. Opal, MD, FIDSA

Professor of Medicine

Infectious Disease Division

Rhode Island Hospital

Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Providence

RI

Declarações

SMO declares that he has no competing interests.

Laura Evans, MD, MSc, FCCP, FCCM

Associate Professor

NYU School of Medicine

Medical Director of Critical Care

Bellevue Hospital Center

New York

NY

Declarações

LE serves as the guidelines co-chair and on the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.

Créditos aos pareceristas

Os tópicos do BMJ Best Practice são constantemente atualizados, seguindo os desenvolvimentos das evidências e das diretrizes. Os pareceristas aqui listados revisaram o conteúdo pelo menos uma vez durante a história do tópico.

Declarações

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Referências

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Principais artigos

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Texto completo  Resumo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.Texto completo  Resumo

Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.Texto completo  Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Diretrizes

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