Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- temperatura alta (>38°C) o baja (<36°C)
- taquicardia
- taquipnea
- alteración aguda del estado mental
- llenado capilar deficiente, piel moteada o apariencia grisácea
- signos asociados con una fuente de infección específica
- baja saturación de oxígeno
- hipotensión arterial
- disminución de la diuresis
- cianosis
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- púrpura fulminante
- ictericia
- íleo
Factores de riesgo
- neoplasia maligna subyacente
- edad >65 años
- compromiso inmunológico
- hemodiálisis
- alcoholismo
- diabetes mellitus
- cirugía reciente u otros procedimientos invasivos
- afectación de la integridad de la piel
- sondas intravenosas o urinarias permanentes
- consumo de drogas ilícitas por vía intravenosa
- embarazo
- residencia en centros urbanos
- enfermedad pulmonar
- sexo masculino
- ascendencia no blanca
- estación invernal
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
- urea en sangre y electrolitos séricos
- creatinina sérica
- pruebas de función hepática
- estudios de coagulación (índice internacional normalizado [INR], tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada [TTPa])
- glucosa sérica
- niveles de lactato
- proteína C-reactiva
- hemocultivo
- otros cultivos (p. ej., de esputo, heces, orina, heridas, catéteres, implantes protésicos, áreas epidurales y líquido peritoneal o pleural)
- gasometría arterial (GSA) o gasometría venosa (GSV)
- radiografía de tórax
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- punción lumbar
- ecocardiograma (transtorácico o transesofágico)
- ultrasonido
- TC de tórax o abdomen
- procalcitonina sérica
Algoritmo de tratamiento
sepsis supuesta o confirmada
Colaboradores
Autores
Andre C. Kalil, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, FCCM
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Divulgaciones
ACK declares that he has no competing interests. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.
Kelly Cawcutt, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
გაფრთხილება:
KC declares that she has no competing interests.
მადლიერება
Professor Andre Kalil and Dr Kelly Cawcutt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ron Daniels, Dr Matt Inada-Kim, Dr Aamir Saifuddin, Dr Tim Nutbeam, Dr Edward Berry, Dr Lewys Richmond, and Dr Paul Kempen, previous contributors to this topic.
გაფრთხილება:
RD has received payment for consultancy on sepsis from Kimal Plc, manufacturers of vascular access devices; from the Northumbria Partnership, a patient safety collaborative; and, where annual leave or other income was compromised in fulfilling his charity duties, from the UK Sepsis Trust. RD has received sponsorship to attend and speak at one meeting from Abbott Diagnostics. He is CEO of the UK Sepsis Trust and Global Sepsis Alliance, and advises HM Government, the World Health Organization, and NHS England on sepsis. Each of these positions demands that he express opinion on strategies around the recognition and management of sepsis. MIK is a national clinical advisor on sepsis to NHS England and a national clinical advisor on deterioration to NHS Improvement. He was reimbursed for a slide set by Relias Learning. AS is the clinical fellow to the National Medical Director at NHS Improvement. AS has been sponsored on two occasions by Dr Falk Pharma UK to attend specialist gastroenterology conferences abroad; there was no contractual obligation to disseminate product information. TN is a clinical adviser to the UK Sepsis Trust. EB, LR, and PK declare that they have no competing interests.
რეცენზენტები
Steven M. Opal, MD, FIDSA
Professor of Medicine
Infectious Disease Division
Rhode Island Hospital
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence
RI
გაფრთხილება:
SMO declares that he has no competing interests.
Laura Evans, MD, MSc, FCCP, FCCM
Associate Professor
NYU School of Medicine
Medical Director of Critical Care
Bellevue Hospital Center
New York
NY
გაფრთხილება:
LE serves as the guidelines co-chair and on the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
წყაროები
ძირითადი სტატიები
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].სრული ტექსტი
Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
გამოყენებული სტატიები
ამ თემაში მოხსენიებული წყაროების სრული სია ხელმისაწვდომია მომხმარებლებისთვის, რომლებსაც აქვთ წვდომა BMJ Best Practice-ის ყველა ნაწილზე.
დიფერენციული დიაგნოზები
- Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
- Causas no infecciosas del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS)
- Infarto de miocardio (IM)
მეტი დიფერენციული დიაგნოზებიგაიდლაინები
- Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2020
- Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock - 2016
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