Ao visualizar este tópico em um idioma diferente, você poderá notar algumas diferenças na forma como o conteúdo é estruturado, mas ele ainda refletirá as orientações baseadas em evidências mais recentes.

Sepsis en adultos

Last reviewed: 15 Jul 2025
Last updated: 03 Dez 2020

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • temperatura alta (>38°C) o baja (<36°C)
  • taquicardia
  • taquipnea
  • alteración aguda del estado mental
  • llenado capilar deficiente, piel moteada o apariencia grisácea
  • signos asociados con una fuente de infección específica
  • baja saturación de oxígeno
  • hipotensión arterial
  • disminución de la diuresis
  • cianosis
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • púrpura fulminante
  • ictericia
  • íleo
Full details

Risk factors

  • neoplasia maligna subyacente
  • edad >65 años
  • compromiso inmunológico
  • hemodiálisis
  • alcoholismo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • cirugía reciente u otros procedimientos invasivos
  • afectación de la integridad de la piel
  • sondas intravenosas o urinarias permanentes
  • consumo de drogas ilícitas por vía intravenosa
  • embarazo
  • residencia en centros urbanos
  • enfermedad pulmonar
  • sexo masculino
  • ascendencia no blanca
  • estación invernal
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
  • urea en sangre y electrolitos séricos
  • creatinina sérica
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • estudios de coagulación (índice internacional normalizado [INR], tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada [TTPa])
  • glucosa sérica
  • niveles de lactato
  • proteína C-reactiva
  • hemocultivo
  • otros cultivos (p. ej., de esputo, heces, orina, heridas, catéteres, implantes protésicos, áreas epidurales y líquido peritoneal o pleural)
  • gasometría arterial (GSA) o gasometría venosa (GSV)
  • radiografía de tórax
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • punción lumbar
  • ecocardiograma (transtorácico o transesofágico)
  • ultrasonido
  • TC de tórax o abdomen
  • procalcitonina sérica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

sepsis supuesta o confirmada

Contributors

Authors

Andre C. Kalil, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, FCCM

Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Infectious Diseases

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha

NE

Declarações

ACK declares that he has no competing interests. ACK is an author of references cited in this topic.

Kelly Cawcutt, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Omaha

NE

Declarações

KC declares that she has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Professor Andre Kalil and Dr Kelly Cawcutt would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ron Daniels, Dr Matt Inada-Kim, Dr Aamir Saifuddin, Dr Tim Nutbeam, Dr Edward Berry, Dr Lewys Richmond, and Dr Paul Kempen, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

RD has received payment for consultancy on sepsis from Kimal Plc, manufacturers of vascular access devices; from the Northumbria Partnership, a patient safety collaborative; and, where annual leave or other income was compromised in fulfilling his charity duties, from the UK Sepsis Trust. RD has received sponsorship to attend and speak at one meeting from Abbott Diagnostics. He is CEO of the UK Sepsis Trust and Global Sepsis Alliance, and advises HM Government, the World Health Organization, and NHS England on sepsis. Each of these positions demands that he express opinion on strategies around the recognition and management of sepsis. MIK is a national clinical advisor on sepsis to NHS England and a national clinical advisor on deterioration to NHS Improvement. He was reimbursed for a slide set by Relias Learning. AS is the clinical fellow to the National Medical Director at NHS Improvement. AS has been sponsored on two occasions by Dr Falk Pharma UK to attend specialist gastroenterology conferences abroad; there was no contractual obligation to disseminate product information. TN is a clinical adviser to the UK Sepsis Trust. EB, LR, and PK declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Steven M. Opal, MD, FIDSA

Professor of Medicine

Infectious Disease Division

Rhode Island Hospital

Alpert Medical School of Brown University

Providence

RI

Declarações

SMO declares that he has no competing interests.

Laura Evans, MD, MSc, FCCP, FCCM

Associate Professor

NYU School of Medicine

Medical Director of Critical Care

Bellevue Hospital Center

New York

NY

Disclosures

LE serves as the guidelines co-chair and on the steering committee of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Full text

Churpek MM, Snyder A, Han X, et al. Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and Early Warning Scores for detecting clinical deterioration in infected patients outside the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Apr 1;195(7):906-11.Full text  Abstract

Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-77.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Sepsis en adultos images
  • Differentials

    • Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
    • Causas no infecciosas del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS)
    • Infarto de miocardio (IM)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2020
    • Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock - 2016
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Inserción de cánula

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Sistema de puntuación APACHE II

    More Calculators
  • Vídeos

    Punción lumbar diagnóstica en adultos: demostración animada

    Demostración animada de venopunción y flebotomía

    More videos
  • padlock-lockedLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer