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Cáncer de tiroides

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  • Overview
  • Theory
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Follow up
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Last reviewed: 15 Nov 2025
Last updated: 24 Jan 2025

Summary

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • nódulo tiroideo palpable
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • extremos etarios.
  • antecedentes familiares de cáncer de tiroides
  • ronquera
  • disnea
  • disfagia
  • desviación de la tráquea
  • linfadenopatía cervical
  • agrandamiento rápido del cuello
完整详情

危险因素

  • irradiación del cuello y la cabeza
  • sexo femenino
  • antecedentes familiares de cáncer de tiroides
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH)
  • ecografía de tiroides/cuello
  • Aspiración con aguja fina (AAF)
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需考虑的检查

  • pruebas moleculares de muestras de citología
  • T4 libre
  • T3 libre
  • laringoscopia
  • gammagrafía tiroidea y prueba de captación tiroidea con I-123
  • biopsia con aguja gruesa
  • TC de cuello
  • calcitonina sérica
  • pruebas genéticas para detectar síndromes hereditarios
  • tiroglobulina sérica
完整详情

新兴检查

  • ecografía translaríngea
  • biopsia del ganglio centinela

治疗流程

持续性治疗

papilar, folicular u oncocítica

anaplásico

medular

撰稿人

作者

Rajiv Datta, MD, FACS, FRCS, FICS
Rajiv Datta

Chairman

Department of Surgery

Professor Of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Chief

Division of Surgical Oncology

Chief

Division of Head and Neck Surgery

Mount Sinai South Nassau Hospital

Oceanside

NY

利益声明

RD declares that he has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Rosemarie Metzger, MD, MPH, FACS

Associate Professor of Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division

Banner - University Medical Center

Phoenix

AZ

利益声明

RM declares that she has no competing interests.

Lindsay Bischoff, MD

Associate Professor

Medical Director Vanderbilt Thyroid Center

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville

TN

利益声明

LB declares that she has no competing interests.

F. Fausto Palazzo, MS, FRCS

Consultant Endocrine Surgeon

Hammersmith & Charing Cross Hospitals

Clinical Lead for Endocrine Surgery

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Imperial College

London

UK

利益声明

FFP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.全文  摘要

Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.全文  摘要

Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.全文  摘要

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].全文

European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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