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Carcinoma de células renales

Última revisión: 13 Sep 2025
Última actualización: 12 Dec 2024

Resumen

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • asintomático (hallazgo incidental)
  • hematuria
  • dolor en fosa lumbar
  • masa abdominal palpable
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • síntomas sistémicos inespecíficos
  • signos de disfunción hepática
  • neuromiopatía
  • edema de las extremidades inferiores
  • varicocele en el escroto
  • manifestación dermatológica (síndromes hereditarios)
  • pérdida de la visión (von Hippel-Lindau)
Full details

Risk factors

  • tabaquismo
  • sexo masculino
  • de más de 55 años de edad
  • residencia en países desarrollados
  • Etnia indígena estadounidense no hispana/nativa de Alaska
  • obesidad
  • hipertensión
  • antecedentes familiares positivos para CCR
  • antecedentes de síndromes hereditarios
  • antecedentes de enfermedad renal quística adquirida
  • exposición al asbesto/cadmio
  • antecedentes obstétricos y exposición a estrógenos
  • radiación pélvica
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • TC de abdomen o de pelvis
  • tomografía computarizada (CT) de tórax
  • resonancia magnética (IRM) de abdomen o pelvis
  • ultrasonido de abdomen o pélvico
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)
  • calcio corregido
  • pruebas de función hepática
  • perfil de coagulación
  • creatinina
  • TFG estimada
  • análisis de orina
Full details

Tests to consider

  • resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral o de columna
  • gammagrafía ósea
  • biopsia
  • patología quirúrgica
  • evaluación genética
Full details

Emerging tests

  • exploración por tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP)

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

masa renal pequeña o carcinoma de células renales (CCR) en etapa 1 o 2

carcinoma de células renales (CCR) en etapa 3

carcinoma de células renales (CCR) en etapa 4 (enfermedad metastásica)

Contributors

Authors

Rodrigo R. Pessoa, MD, PhD

Urology Fellow

Department of Urology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Declarações

RRP declares that he has no competing interests.

Simon Kim, MD, MPH

Associate Professor of Surgery

Associate Program Director

Anschutz Medical Campus

University of Colorado

UCSOM Division of Urology

Denver

CO

Declarações

SK declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Rodrigo R. Pessoa and Dr Simon Kim would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Amishi Y. Shah, Dr Sonal Gandhi, and Jennifer J. Knox, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

AYS has an unpaid advisory role for Merck pharmaceuticals. SG and JJK declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores

Stephen A. Boorjian, MD

Assistant Professor

Fox Chase Cancer Center

Philadelphia

PA

Declarações

SAB has been reimbursed by Pfizer for serving on its speakers bureau. SAB is co-author of a reference cited in this topic.

Thomas J. Guzzo, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor of Urology and Surgery

The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia

PA

Declarações

TJG declares that he has no competing interests.

Jonathan Waxman, BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCP

Professor of Oncology

Imperial College

London

UK

Declarações

JW declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 May;30(5):706-20.Full text  Abstract

European Association of Urology. Renal cell carcinoma. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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