Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- inicio agudo
- rinitis
- dolor de garganta
- estornudos
- drenaje/goteo posnasal
- tos
- fiebre
- faringe enrojecida inespecífica
- edema/eritema mucoso nasal
- drenaje purulento en las fosas nasales y la faringe posterior
- pulso y tensión arterial dentro de los límites normales
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- malestar general
- mialgia
- halitosis
- amígdalas inflamadas
Fatores de risco
- exposición a personas infectadas
- edad temprana
- estación invernal
- asistencia a guarderías
- exposición al humo de cigarrillo o a otros irritantes respiratorios
Investigações diagnósticas
1st tests to order
- no son necesarias pruebas iniciales
Tests to consider
- hemograma completo (HC)
- exudado faríngeo
- cultivo de esputo
- prueba de anticuerpos heterófilos
- proteína C reactiva (PCR)
- radiografía de tórax
- tomografía computarizada (TC) sinusal
- pruebas virales
Treatment algorithm
todos los pacientes
Contributors
Authors
Bruce Arroll, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP
Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
Disclosures
BA is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Timothy Kenealy, MBChB, PhD, FRNZCGP
Associate Professor of Integrated Care
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
University of Auckland
Auckland
New Zealand
Disclosures
TK is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Fatima Syed, MD, MSc
Associate Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham
NC
Disclosures
FS declares that she has no competing interests.
Christopher Cates, MA, FRCGP
Senior Research Fellow
Division of Community Health Sciences
St. George's University of London
London
UK
Disclosures
CC declares that he has no competing interests.
Christopher Del Mar, MA MB, BChir MD, FRACGP, FAFPHM
Professor
Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine
Bond University
Queensland
Australia
Disclosures
CDM declares that he has no competing interests.
An De Sutter, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Ghent University
Belgium
Declarações
ADS declares that she has no competing interests.
Créditos aos pareceristas
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Declarações
As afiliações e declarações dos pareceristas referem--se ao momento da revisão.
Referências
Principais artigos
Harris AM, Hicks LA, Qaseem A, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):425-34.Texto completo Resumo
Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 20;(11):CD006207.Texto completo Resumo
van Driel ML, Scheire S, Deckx L, et al. What treatments are effective for common cold in adults and children? BMJ. 2018 Oct 10;363:k3786.
De Sutter AI, Eriksson L, van Driel ML. Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 21;1:CD004976.Texto completo Resumo
Isbister GK, Prior F, Kilham HA. Restricting cough and cold medicines in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;48(2):91-8. Resumo
Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 24;(11):CD001831.Texto completo Resumo
Kenealy T, Arroll B. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD000247.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Fiebre del heno (rinitis alérgica)
- Sinusitis crónica
- Amigdalitis
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisGuías de práctica clínica
- Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
- Sore throat (acute): antimicrobial prescribing
Mais Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Resfriado común
Tratar la tos y los resfriados en niños
Más Folletos para el pacienteCalculadoras
Criterios de evaluación y tratamiento para el dolor de garganta (faringitis) (McIsaac)
Más Calculadoras
Inicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice
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