Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- diabetic ketoacidosis
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- young age
- weight loss
- blurred vision
- nausea and vomiting
- abdominal pain
- tachypnea
- clinical dehydration
- lethargy
- altered mental status
Fatores de risco
- genetic predisposition
- geographic region
- infectious agents
- dietary factors
- use of immunotherapy
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- HbA1c
- fasting plasma glucose
- 2-hour post-glucose load plasma glucose
- random plasma glucose
Investigações a serem consideradas
- plasma or urine ketones
- random C-peptide
- autoimmune markers
Algoritmo de tratamento
nonpregnant
pregnant
Colaboradores
Autores
Rajesh K. Garg, MD
Professor of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance
CA
利益声明
RKG is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Dr Rajesh K. Garg would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Varsha Vimalananda, previous contributor to this topic.
利益声明
VV declares that she has no competing interests.
同行评议者
Zachary Bloomgarden, MD
Clinical Professor
Medicine/Endocrinology
Diabetes and Bone Disease
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York
NY
利益声明
ZB declares that he has no competing interests.
Alicia Jenkins, MB, BS, MD, FRACP, FRCP
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
University of Melbourne
Melbourne
Australia
Professor
Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City
OK
利益声明
AJ has been a (non-salaried) co-investigator on multi-center clinical trials supported by Novo, Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, and Medtronic. She does not hold any stocks or shares in these companies. She has received a speaker's honorarium from Novo Nordisk.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan;48(1):S344-52.全文
Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.全文 摘要
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024. Dec 2024 [nternet publication].全文
Holt RIG, DeVries JH, Hess-Fischl A, et al. The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2021 Dec;64(12):2609-52.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Monogenic diabetes: maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Monogenic diabetes: neonatal diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Standards of care in diabetes - 2025
- Management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia
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