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Miastenia grave

Last reviewed: 22 Jul 2025
Last updated: 13 Dec 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • fuerza muscular fatiga
  • ptosis
  • diplopía
  • disfagia
  • disartría
  • paresia facial
  • debilidad en las extremidades proximales
  • disnea
Full details

Risk factors

  • antecedentes familiares de trastornos autoinmunes
  • marcadores genéticos
  • tratamiento dirigido contra el cáncer
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • análisis sérico de anticuerpos frente a los receptores de acetilcolina (AChR)
  • anticuerpos frente a la tirosina cinasa específica del músculo (MuSK)
  • pruebas funcionales respiratorias en serie
Full details

Tests to consider

  • ensayos de anticuerpos contra el receptor estriado
  • estimulación nerviosa repetitiva
  • electromiograma (EMG) de fibra aislada
  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

crisis miasténica

ONGOING

enfermedad de leve a moderada (clase I a III)

enfermedad grave (clase IV o V) o refractaria

Contributors

Authors

Robert P. Lisak, MD, FRCP (E), FAAN, FANA

Parker Webber Chair in Neurology

Professor of Neurology

Professor of Immunology and Microbiology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit

MI

Disclosures

RPL is a Data and Safety Monitoring Board Member for the COUR myasthenia gravis clinical trial. RPL is a site principal investigator for clinical trials and a co-author for the clinical trial reports for myasthenia gravis therapies for Alexion, Argenx, and UCB Ra. RPL's institution receives payment for the time spent on these clinical trials. RPL has received book royalties from Oxford University Press and Blackstone, and has carried out consultancy work for Avilar.

Acknowledgements

Dr Robert Lisak would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Andrea Corse and Dr Ami Mankodi, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

AC and AM declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Vern C. Juel, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine (Neurology)

Duke University

Durham

NC

Disclosures

VCJ declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016 Jul 26;87(4):419-25.Full text  Abstract

Narayanaswami P, Sanders DB, Wolfe G, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: 2020 update. Neurology. 2021 Jan 19;96(3):114-22.Full text  Abstract

Skeie GO, Apostolski S, Evoli A, et al. Guidelines for treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Jul;17(7):893-902.Full text  Abstract

Schneider-Gold C, Gajdos P, Toyka KV, et al. Corticosteroids for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD002828.Full text  Abstract

Gronseth GS, Barohn R, Narayanaswami P. Practice advisory: thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (practice parameter update). Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2020 Apr 21;94(16):705-9.Full text  Abstract

Elovaara I, Apostolski S, van Doorn P, et al. EFNS guidelines for the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of neurological diseases: EFNS task force on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of neurological diseases. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Sep;15(9):893-908.Full text  Abstract

Wang L, Huan X, Xi JY, et al. Immunosuppressive and monoclonal antibody treatment for myasthenia gravis: a network meta-analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2019 May;25(5):647-58.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Guidelines

    • International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: 2020 update
    • Practice advisory: thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (practice parameter update)
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  • Patient information

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