When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Neumonía por aspiración

Last reviewed: 22 Jul 2025
Last updated: 08 Nov 2022

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • tos
  • disnea
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fiebre
  • dolor torácico pleurítico
  • taquipnea
  • aliento fétido
  • crepitaciones
  • esputo purulento o espumoso
  • antecedentes de vómitos
Full details

Risk factors

  • quimiorradiación en cánceres de cabeza y cuello
  • alteración del estado mental
  • disfunción en la deglución
  • enfermedad gastrointestinal
  • intubación o sonda de traqueostomía
  • edad avanzada
  • higiene bucal deficiente
  • sonda de alimentación
  • posición en decúbito
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • saturación de O2
  • radiografía del tórax (RT)
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • tinción de Gram del esputo
  • cultivo de esputo
Full details

Tests to consider

  • ecografía pulmonar a pie de cama
  • GSA
  • broncoscopia
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

todos los pacientes

Contributors

Authors

Michael J. Lanspa, MD, MS

Adjunct Associate Professor

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Intermountain Medical Center

University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

Disclosures

MJL declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Michael J. Lanspa would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Richard Kanner and Dr Krishna Sundar, previous contributors to this topic. DK and KS declares that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Toby Maher, MB, PhD, MRCP

Consultant Respiratory Physician

Department of Respiratory Medicine

Royal Brompton Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

TM has received research funding from the Wellcome Trust and GlaxoSmithKline. He has acted as a paid consultant to GSK, Actelion, and Respironies.

Feras Hawari, MD

Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care

King Hussein Cancer Center

Amman

Jordan

Disclosures

FH declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-e67.Full text  Abstract

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-93.Full text  Abstract

Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):e61-e111.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Neumonía por aspiración images
  • Differentials

    • Neumonitis por aspiración
    • Atelectasia
    • Edema pulmonar
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management
    • Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Neumonía

    More Patient information
  • padlock-lockedLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer