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Menopausia

  • Overview
  • Theory
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Follow up
  • Resources
Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 04 Dec 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • amenorrea
  • ciclo menstrual irregular
  • sofocos y sudores nocturnos
  • síntomas vaginales
  • cambios en el estado de ánimo
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • alteración del sueño
  • deterioro leve de la memoria
  • sangrado menstrual abundante
Full details

Risk factors

  • 40 a 60 años de edad
  • tratamiento del cáncer
  • tabaquismo
  • cirugía ovárica
  • edad de la madre en la menopausia
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • prueba de embarazo
Full details

Tests to consider

  • hormona foliculoestimulante (FSH)
  • estradiol sérico
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

presentación inicial con síntomas vasomotores leves

ONGOING

mujeres no histerectomizadas, sofocos de moderados a graves con/sin reducción de la libido

mujeres histerectomizadas o con dispositivo intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel colocado en los últimos 5 años, sofocos moderados a severos, con/sin libido reducida

solo atrofia urogenital

solo incontinencia urinaria de estrés

Contributors

Authors

Heather Currie, MB BS, FRCOG, DRCOG, MRCGP

Clinical Director Women and Sexual Health

NHS Dumfries and Galloway

Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary

Scotland

UK

Divulgaciones

HC declares that she has no competing interests.

Haitham Hamoda, MBChB, MD, FRCO

Consultant Gynaecologist

Clinical Lead for Menopause Service

King's College Hospital NHS Trust

London

UK

Divulgaciones

HH declares that he has no competing interests.

Bradford W. Fenton, MD, PhD, FACOG

Independence Park Medical Services

Anchorage

AK

Divulgaciones

BWF declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Heather Currie, Dr Haitham Hamoda, and Dr Bradford W. Fenton would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Rebekah Wang-Cheng, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

RWC declares that she has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Nan Gillespie O’Connell, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond

VA

Divulgaciones

NGOC declares that she has no competing interests.

Carolyn Simpkins, MD, PhD

Internist

Daniel Island

SC

Divulgaciones

CS declares that she has no competing interests.

Edward Morris, MD

Consultant

Honorary Senior Lecturer and Clinical Director

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital

Norwich

UK

Divulgaciones

EM declares that he has no competing interests.

Michelle Warren, MD

Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Columbia University in New York Medical Center

New York

NY

Divulgaciones

MW has received research funding from Ferring and Pfizer Wyeth; has acted as an advisory board consultant for Pfizer Wyeth, QuatRx, and Yoplait; and is on the speakers' bureau of Amgen, Upsher Smith, and Warner Chilcott. MW is also an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Barnabei VM, Cochrane BB, Aragaki AK, et al. Menopausal symptoms and treatment-related effects of estrogen and progestin in the Women's Health Initiative. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May;105(5 Pt 1):1063-73. Resumen

Avis NE, Crawford SL, Greendale G, et al. Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):531-9.Texto completo  Resumen

North American Menopause Society. Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2021 Sep 1;28(9):973-97. Resumen

The North American Menopause Society Advisory Panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022 Jul 1;29(7):767-94. Resumen

Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, et al. Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 17;(1):CD004143.Texto completo  Resumen

Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the women's health initiative randomized trials. JAMA. 2017 Sep 12;318(10):927-38. Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.

  • Diferenciales

    • Embarazo
    • Síndrome del ovario poliquístico
    • Hipertiroidismo
    Más Diferenciales

  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Menopause: diagnosis and management
    • Non-hormone therapy position statement
    Más Guías de práctica clínica

  • Folletos para el paciente

    Menopausia: ¿qué es?

    Menopausia: preguntas para formularle al médico

    Más Folletos para el paciente
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