Cuando vea este tema en otro idioma, podría notar algunas diferencias en la estructura del contenido, pero aún refleja las últimas orientaciones basadas en la evidencia.

Trastornos de pánico

Last reviewed: 4 Jun 2025
Last updated: 14 Jul 2023

Summary

Definition

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • inicio inesperado
  • aprehensión y preocupación
  • conducta evitativa
  • taquicardia
  • cribado de pánico PRIME-MD positivo
  • Escala de gravedad del trastorno de pánico (Panic Disorder Severity Scale [PDSS])
  • puntaje de corte de GAD-7 ≥10
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • palpitaciones, opresión torácica y malestar
  • náuseas y dolor abdominal
  • mareos
  • alteración perceptiva
  • síntomas respiratorios
  • dependencia de señales de seguridad
  • parestesias
  • temblor muscular
  • sudoración
  • desmayos
  • escalofríos o sofocos
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • antecedentes en parientes de primer grado
  • entre 18 y 39 años de edad
  • sexo femenino
  • etnia caucásica y de los nativos americanos
  • eventos de vida importantes
  • trastornos comórbidos
  • factores psicológicos
  • asma y variabilidad respiratoria
  • tabaquismo
  • consumo de cafeína
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • evaluación clínica
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
  • glucemia
  • pruebas de función tiroidea
  • perfil metabólico
  • cribado toxicológico
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

ataque de pánico agudo

CONTÍNUA

trastorno de pánico

ataques de pánico sin trastorno de pánico

Colaboradores

Autores

Craig N. Sawchuk, PhD
Craig N. Sawchuk

Professor

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Declarações

CNS declares that he has no competing interests.

Jason P. Veitengruber, MD
Jason P. Veitengruber

Associate Professor

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle

WA

Declarações

JPV declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Tanveer A. Padder, MD

Chairman

Department of Psychiatry

Trinity School of Medicine

Warner Robins

GA

Disclosures

TAP declares that he has no competing interests.

Paul Blenkiron, BM BCh, MA

Consultant Psychiatrist

Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust

Bootham Park Hospital

York

UK

Disclosures

PB declares that he has no competing interests.

Philip J. Cowen, MD, FRCPsych, FMedSci

Professor of Psychopharmacology

Warneford Hospital

Oxford

UK

Disclosures

PJC declares that he has no competing interests.

Toshiaki A. Furukawa, MD, PhD

Professor and Chair

Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine

Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Nagoya City University

Nagoya

Japan

Disclosures

TAF has received research funds and speaking fees from Astellas, Dai-Nippon, Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Meiji, Otsuka, Schering-Plough, and Yoshitomi. He was on a research advisory board for Meiji and Mochida, and is currently on research advisory boards for Sekisui chemicals and Takeda Science Foundation. He has received royalties from Igaku-Shion and Seiwa-Shoten Publishers. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare have also funded his research.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Andrews G, Bell C, Boyce P, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2018;52(12):1109-172.Full text

Penninx BW, Pine DS, Holmes EA, et al. Anxiety disorders. Lancet. 2021 Mar 6;397(10277):914-27.Full text  Abstract

Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Full text  Abstract

Roy-Byrne P, Craske MG, Sullivan G, et al. Delivery of evidence-based treatment for multiple anxiety disorders in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 May 19;303(19):1921-8. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

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  • Guidelines

    • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR)
    • Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management
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  • Patient information

    Ataques de pánico: ¿qué tratamientos funcionan?

    Ansiedad: ¿qué tratamientos funcionan?

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