Resumo
Definição
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- antecedentes de exposición reciente a la heparina
- antecedentes de TIH
- ausencia de enfermedades y medicamentos que causan trombocitopenia
- antecedentes de cirugía o traumatismo recientes
- características consecuentes con un evento tromboembólico venoso o arterial (p. ej., embolia pulmonar [EP], trombosis venosa profunda [TVP], accidente cerebrovascular, infarto de miocardio [IM]).
- necrosis en los lugares de las inyecciones de heparina
Other diagnostic factors
- ausencia de sangrado
- signos de necrosis hemorrágica suprarrenal
- reacción sistémica aguda
- signos de gangrena venosa en las extremidades
Risk factors
- exposición reciente a la heparina (dentro de los últimos 100 días)
- cirugía cardiovascular u ortopédica reciente
- sexo femenino
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- hemograma completo (HC)
Investigations to consider
- Índice 4T
- ensayo con antígenos de trombocitopenia inducida por heparina (TIH)
- Ensayo funcional de TIH
- estudios de coagulación
- ultrasonido Doppler venoso
- angiografía pulmonar por tomografía computarizada (APTC)
- gammagrafía de ventilación-perfusión, (gammagrafía de V/P)
- flebografía por tomografía computarizada cerebral
- venografía por resonancia magnética (cabeza)
Treatment algorithm
sospecha de TIH con índice 4T ≥4, o TIH aguda confirmada
sospecha de trombocitopenia inducida por heparina (TIH) con índice 4T ≤3
recuperación plaquetaria (TIH A subaguda)
TIH remota
Contributors
Authors
Lori-Ann Linkins, MD, MSc(Clin Epi), FRCPC
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
McMaster University
Thrombosis Consultant
Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre
Hamilton
Ontario
Canada
Disclosures
LL is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Jeffrey S. Wasser, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine
Acting Associate Chair of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Farmington
CT
Disclosures
JSW declares that he has no competing interests.
Henry Watson, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary
Foresterhill Health Campus
Aberdeen
UK
Disclosures
HW declares that he has no competing interests.
Simon Davidson, MPhil
Clinical Scientist
Royal Brompton Hospital
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Imperial College London
London
UK
Disclosures
SD is a consultant for Mitsubishi Pharma, the manufacturer of argatroban.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Warkentin T, Kelton J. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1286-1292.Full text Abstract
Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3360-92.Full text Abstract
Linkins LA, Dans AL, Moores LK, et al. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis (9th ed). American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 Suppl):e495S-e530S.Full text Abstract
Watson H, Davidson S, Keeling D, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: second edition. Br J Haematol. 2012 Dec;159(5):528-40.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

Differentials
- Estado postoperatorio
- Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica
- Púrpura trombocitopénica inducida por fármacos
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (9th ed)
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