Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- fiebre o baja temperatura corporal
- taquipnea
- taquicardia
- bradicardia (neonatos y lactantes)
- estado mental o comportamiento alterado
- menor perfusión periférica
- cambio en el patrón habitual de actividad o alimentación en un neonato
- pañales secos/menor diuresis
- piel moteada, apariencia grisácea, cianosis
- baja saturación de oxígeno
- vasoplegia
- erupción purpúrica que no palidece a la presión
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- hipotensión
- signos y síntomas focales específicos que reflejan una patología subyacente
Factores de riesgo
- inmunodeficiencia
- comorbilidades
- sexo masculino
- menor edad (especialmente neonatos)
- factores de riesgo perinatales para infección (neonatos)
- factores asociados a la atención médica (neonatos)
- cirugía reciente u otros procedimientos invasivos
- afectación de la integridad de la piel
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- hemograma completo (HC) con diferencial
- glucosa sérica
- hemocultivo
- análisis de orina
- urocultivo
- gasometría
- lactato sérico
- electrolitos séricos
- creatinina sérica
- pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
- estudios de coagulación
- proteína C reactiva (PCR)
- radiografía de tórax
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- punción lumbar
- reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) meningocócica
- cultivo de lavado broncoalveolar
- reacción en cadena de la polimerasa del virus del herpes simple (VHS) (sangre y líquido cefalorraquídeo)
- tomografía computarizada (CT) de tórax
- Ecografía de abdomen
- tomografía computarizada (TC) del abdomen
Pruebas emergentes
- procalcitonina sérica
- biomarcadores emergentes
- Kit PhenoTest™ BC
Algoritmo de tratamiento
sepsis supuesta o confirmada
Colaboradores
Autores
Akash Deep, MD, FRCPCH
Director and Professor of Paediatric Critical Care
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
King’s College Hospital
London
UK
Divulgaciones
AD declares that he has no competing interests.
Chris Duncan, BMBS, BMedSci, MRCP, FFICM, FEWM, RMP, PGCert
ST7 Intensive Care Medicine
Barts Health NHS Trust
London
UK
Divulgaciones
CD declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Akash Deep and Dr Chris Duncan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Jeremy Tong and Dr Adrian Plunkett, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
JT and AP are authors involved in the Paediatric Sepsis Six initiative, cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Saul N. Faust, MA, MBBS, FRCPCH, PhD, FHEA
Professor of Paediatric Immunology & Infectious Diseases
Director, NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
Divulgaciones
SNF declares that he has no competing interests.
Mohan Pammi, MBBS, MD, MRCPCH
Assistant Professor
Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine
Houston
TX
Divulgaciones
MP declares that he has no competing interests.
Jerry J. Zimmerman, MD, PhD
Faculty, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Seattle Children's Hospital
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle
WA
Disclosures
JJZ receives research grant support from NIH/NICHD and ImmuneXpress; travel reimbursement from the Society of Critical Care Medicine to attend board meetings; and royalties from Elsevier for action as a co-editor for the textbook Pediatric Critical Care.
References
Key articles
Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A; International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):2-8. Abstract
Schlapbach LJ, Watson RS, Sorce LR, et al. International consensus criteria for pediatric sepsis and septic shock. JAMA. 2024 Feb 27;331(8):665-74. Abstract
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb;21(2):e52-e106.Full text Abstract
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Davis AL, Carcillo JA, Aneja RK, et al. American College of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun;45(6):1061-93.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Enfermedad de coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
- Síndrome multisistémico inflamatorio pediátrico
- Cardiopatía congénita
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Suspected sepsis: recognition, diagnosis and early management
- Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment
More GuidelinesPatient information
Sepsis en niños
More Patient informationLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer