Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- informe del cuidador o del paciente sobre el déficit neurológico focal
- inicio repentino y breve duración de los síntomas
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- antecedentes de aterosclerosis extracraneal
- antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca
- síntomas unilaterales
- disfasia
- ataxia, vértigo o pérdida del equilibrio
- pérdida visual o déficit del campo visual
- diplopía binocular
- presión arterial elevada en la presentación
- ausencia de síntomas positivos (temblor, escotoma, espasmo)
- antecedentes personales o familiares de accidente cerebrovascular prematuro, aborto espontáneo o tromboembolia venosa
- soplo carotídeo
Fatores de risco
- fibrilación auricular
- enfermedad valvular
- estenosis carotídea
- estenosis intracraneal
- insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
- hipertensión
- hiperlipidemia
- diabetes mellitus
- tabaquismo
- abuso de alcohol
- edad avanzada
- foramen oval permeable (FOP)
- inactividad
- obesidad
- hipercoagulabilidad
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- glucemia
- perfil químico
- hemograma completo (HC)
- tiempo de protrombina, índice internacional normalizado (INR) y tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP) activada
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
- resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral con estudios por imágenes ponderadas en difusión
- lipidograma en ayunas
Investigações a serem consideradas
- tomografía computarizada (TC) de la cabeza
- velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG)
- telemetría/monitorización Holter
- ecocardiograma ± estudio de burbujas
- ultrasonido Doppler de carótida
- angiografía por tomografía computarizada (TC)
- angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM)
- Doppler transcraneal
- estudios de hipercoagulabilidad
Algoritmo de tratamento
AIT de vaso pequeño
AIT cardioembólico
estenosis de una arteria intracraneal principal
con válvulas cardíacas mecánicas o cardiopatía reumática que ya se encuentran en tratamiento anticoagulante en rango terapéutico
Colaboradores
Autores
Lucia Chen, MD
Vascular Neurology Fellow
Department of Neurology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Declarações
LC declares that she has no competing interests.
Jennifer Simpson, MD

Associate Professor
Department of Neurology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Declarações
JS declares that she has no competing interests.
Karen Orjuela, MSCR, FAAN
Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Declarações
KO has received research funding from the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation and Abbott.
Agradecimentos
Dr Lucia Chen, Dr Jennifer Simpson, and Dr Karen Orjuela wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ethan Cumbler, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
EC declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Ronan Factora, MD
Staff Physician
Section of Geriatric Medicine
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland
OH
Declarações
RF declares that he has no competing interests.
Tony Rudd, MD
Stroke Physician
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
Stroke Programme Director
Royal College of Physicians
London
UK
Disclosures
TR declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Full text Abstract
Turan TN, Zaidat OO, Gronseth GS, et al. Stroke prevention in symptomatic large artery intracranial atherosclerosis practice advisory: report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2022 Mar 22;98(12):486-98.Full text Abstract
Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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