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Accidente isquémico transitorio

Última revisão: 17 Jul 2025
Última atualização: 07 Mar 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • informe del cuidador o del paciente sobre el déficit neurológico focal
  • inicio repentino y breve duración de los síntomas
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • antecedentes de aterosclerosis extracraneal
  • antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca
  • síntomas unilaterales
  • disfasia
  • ataxia, vértigo o pérdida del equilibrio
  • pérdida visual o déficit del campo visual
  • diplopía binocular
  • presión arterial elevada en la presentación
  • ausencia de síntomas positivos (temblor, escotoma, espasmo)
  • antecedentes personales o familiares de accidente cerebrovascular prematuro, aborto espontáneo o tromboembolia venosa
  • soplo carotídeo
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • fibrilación auricular
  • enfermedad valvular
  • estenosis carotídea
  • estenosis intracraneal
  • insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
  • hipertensión
  • hiperlipidemia
  • diabetes mellitus
  • tabaquismo
  • abuso de alcohol
  • edad avanzada
  • foramen oval permeable (FOP)
  • inactividad
  • obesidad
  • hipercoagulabilidad
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • glucemia
  • perfil químico
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • tiempo de protrombina, índice internacional normalizado (INR) y tiempo de tromboplastina parcial (TTP) activada
  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
  • resonancia magnética (IRM) cerebral con estudios por imágenes ponderadas en difusión
  • lipidograma en ayunas
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • tomografía computarizada (TC) de la cabeza
  • velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG)
  • telemetría/monitorización Holter
  • ecocardiograma ± estudio de burbujas
  • ultrasonido Doppler de carótida
  • angiografía por tomografía computarizada (TC)
  • angiografía por resonancia magnética (ARM)
  • Doppler transcraneal
  • estudios de hipercoagulabilidad
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

AIT de vaso pequeño

AIT cardioembólico

estenosis de una arteria intracraneal principal

con válvulas cardíacas mecánicas o cardiopatía reumática que ya se encuentran en tratamiento anticoagulante en rango terapéutico

Colaboradores

Autores

Lucia Chen, MD

Vascular Neurology Fellow

Department of Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Declarações

LC declares that she has no competing interests.

Jennifer Simpson, MD
Jennifer Simpson

Associate Professor

Department of Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Declarações

JS declares that she has no competing interests.

Karen Orjuela, MSCR, FAAN

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Declarações

KO has received research funding from the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation and Abbott.

Agradecimentos

Dr Lucia Chen, Dr Jennifer Simpson, and Dr Karen Orjuela wish to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ethan Cumbler, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

EC declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Ronan Factora, MD

Staff Physician

Section of Geriatric Medicine

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland

OH

Declarações

RF declares that he has no competing interests.

Tony Rudd, MD

Stroke Physician

Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

Stroke Programme Director

Royal College of Physicians

London

UK

Disclosures

TR declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Full text  Abstract

Turan TN, Zaidat OO, Gronseth GS, et al. Stroke prevention in symptomatic large artery intracranial atherosclerosis practice advisory: report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2022 Mar 22;98(12):486-98.Full text  Abstract

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):e344-418.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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