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Candidiasis oral

Última revisão: 14 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 22 Aug 2023

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • placas amarillentas o de color blanco cremoso, bastante adherentes a la mucosa oral
  • ardor bucal
  • estrías, úlceras o fisuras con costra que se extienden desde los ángulos de la boca
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • sabor de boca desagradable
  • lesiones en cualquier parte de la mucosa oral
  • lesiones superficiales atróficas planas de color rojo intenso en el paladar
  • áreas irregulares de pérdida de papilas filiformes en el dorso de la lengua
  • áreas con manchas rojas en la mucosa del interior de las mejillas
  • lesiones que se limitan al contorno de una prótesis dental
  • disfagia u odinofagia
  • contorno romboidal en la cara dorsal de la lengua
  • banda continua o en parches de eritema que afecta al margen gingival libre
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • hiposalivación/xerostomía
  • higiene bucal deficiente, especialmente entre las personas que usan dentadura postiza
  • malabsorción o desnutrición
  • neoplasia maligna avanzada
  • quimioterapia y radioterapia para el tratamiento del cáncer
  • Infección por VIH
  • trastorno endócrino (p. ej., diabetes mellitus, hipoparatiroidismo, embarazo, hipoadrenalismo)
  • fármacos inmunosupresores (p. e, terapia local o corticosteroide sistémico)
  • uso actual o reciente de antibióticos de amplio espectro o múltiples antibióticos de espectro reducido
  • extremos etarios.
  • dieta alta en carbohidratos
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • frotis superficial de la lesión para examen microscópico
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • biopsia de la lesión
  • cultivo de una muestra de enjuague bucal
  • endoscopia del tracto gastrointestinal (GI) superior con o sin biopsia de lesiones
  • análisis de orina, glucemia en ayunas o al azar, o prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa para descartar la diabetes
  • prueba de anticuerpos del VIH
  • sialometría
  • panel electrolítico
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

candidiasis oral

queilitis angular

CONTÍNUA

gravemente inmunocomprometido: tratamiento profiláctico

Colaboradores

Autores

Fariba S. Younai, DDS
Fariba S. Younai

Professor of Clinical Dentistry

Chair, Division of Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences

UCLA School of Dentistry

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

FSY declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Joan A. Phelan, DDS

Chair of Department of Oral Pathology

New York University College Of Dentistry

New York

NY

Disclosures

JAP declares that she has no competing interests.

Giuseppina Campisi, DDS, PhD

Professor of Oral Medicine

Department of Oral Sciences

University of Palermo

Palermo

Italy

Disclosures

GC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous). 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 15;62(4):e1-50.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Diretrizes

    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Candidiasis (mucocutaneous)
    • Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Candida infections
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  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

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