Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presencia de factores de riesgo
- Antecedentes familiares
- inicio en la infancia (enfermedades de mucopolisacaridosis [MPS], Pompe, Gaucher, Fabry, Niemann-Pick tipo A)
- inicio en la adolescencia (Fabry, Pompe, Gaucher tipos 1, 3, mucopolisacaridosis, Niemann-Pick tipos B, C)
- inicio en la edad adulta (enfermedades de Fabry, Gaucher tipo 1, Pompe)
- hepatomegalia y/o esplenomegalia
- hiperacusia
- antecedentes de insuficiencia renal
- erupción cutánea/lesiones cutáneas
- circunferencia de la cabeza grande
- mancha macular de color "rojo cereza" en la oftalmoscopia
- atrofia óptica o retinitis pigmentaria en la oftalmoscopia
- opacidad corneal en la oftalmoscopia
- fatiga
Other diagnostic factors
- retraso en el desarrollo neurológico
- deterioro auditivo/sordera repentina
- catarata en la oftalmoscopia
- trastorno del movimiento ocular
- demencia progresiva y ataxia o alteración de la marcha
- retraso en el desarrollo
- contractura articular
- depresión
- alteraciones óseas, incluido giba de la columna
- hidrocefalia
- antecedentes de infecciones recurrente de las vías respiratorias
- psicosis
- trastornos del movimiento
- accidente cerebrovascular/ataque isquémico transitorio precoz
- cardiomegalia
- valvulopatía cardíaca
Risk factors
- sexo masculino (mucopolisacaridosis [MPS] II, enfermedad de Fabry)
- etnia asquenazí
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- análisis enzimático
- análisis del sustrato
- análisis de ADN
- hemograma completo (HC)
Tests to consider
- electrocardiograma (ECG)
- ecocardiograma
- pruebas funcionales respiratorias
- biopsia de médula ósea
- biopsia muscular
- tomografía computarizada (TC)/IRM (resonancia magnética) de órgano agrandado (enfermedad de Gaucher)
- ecografía/IRM (Fabry)
- tomografía computarizada (TC)/radiografía (mucopolisacaridosis)
Treatment algorithm
enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1
enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 2
enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 3
Enfermedad de Fabry
mucopolisacaridosis (MPS)
Enfermedad de Pompe
enfermedad de Tay-Sachs
enfermedad de Niemann-Pick
Contributors
Authors
Atul B. Mehta, MA, MB BChir, MD, FRCP, FRCPath
Consultant Haematologist
Emeritus Professor in Haematology
University College London
London
UK
Disclosures
ABM has participated in educational activities for Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda and Amicus including advisory boards for which he has received honoraria and travel grants. He has also received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda and Amicus. He is also an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Gregory M. Pastores, MD
Associate Professor
Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics
NYU School of Medicine
New York
NY
Disclosures
GMP declares that he has no competing interests.
Uma Ramaswami, MD, FRCPCH
Consultant Paediatrician
Paediatric Metabolic Unit
Cambridge University Hospitals
Cambridge
UK
Disclosures
UR has received travel grants, honoraria for lectures, and funding for clinical trials from Shire HGT, Genzyme, and Actelion.
Elmer V. Villanueva, MD, ScM, FRIPH
Associate Professor of Public Health
Director of Research
Gippsland Medical School
Monash University
Churchill
Australia
Disclosures
EVV declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Stirnemann J, Belmatoug N, Camou F, et al. A review of Gaucher disease pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatments. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 17;18(2):441.Full text Abstract
Patterson MC, Clayton P, Gissen P, et al. Recommendations for the detection and diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C: an update. Neurol Clin Pract. 2017 Dec;7(6):499-511.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Gaucher de tipo 2 y 3)
- Fiebre reumática (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Fabry)
- Endocarditis bacteriana (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Fabry)
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Pegunigalsidase alfa for treating Fabry disease
- Consensus clinical management guidelines for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease types A, B and A/B)
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