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Enfermedades hereditarias frecuentes de depósito lisosomal

Last reviewed: 13 Jul 2025
Last updated: 21 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • Antecedentes familiares
  • inicio en la infancia (enfermedades de mucopolisacaridosis [MPS], Pompe, Gaucher, Fabry, Niemann-Pick tipo A)
  • inicio en la adolescencia (Fabry, Pompe, Gaucher tipos 1, 3, mucopolisacaridosis, Niemann-Pick tipos B, C)
  • inicio en la edad adulta (enfermedades de Fabry, Gaucher tipo 1, Pompe)
  • hepatomegalia y/o esplenomegalia
  • hiperacusia
  • antecedentes de insuficiencia renal
  • erupción cutánea/lesiones cutáneas
  • circunferencia de la cabeza grande
  • mancha macular de color "rojo cereza" en la oftalmoscopia
  • atrofia óptica o retinitis pigmentaria en la oftalmoscopia
  • opacidad corneal en la oftalmoscopia
  • fatiga
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • retraso en el desarrollo neurológico
  • deterioro auditivo/sordera repentina
  • catarata en la oftalmoscopia
  • trastorno del movimiento ocular
  • demencia progresiva y ataxia o alteración de la marcha
  • retraso en el desarrollo
  • contractura articular
  • depresión
  • alteraciones óseas, incluido giba de la columna
  • hidrocefalia
  • antecedentes de infecciones recurrente de las vías respiratorias
  • psicosis
  • trastornos del movimiento
  • accidente cerebrovascular/ataque isquémico transitorio precoz
  • cardiomegalia
  • valvulopatía cardíaca
Full details

Risk factors

  • sexo masculino (mucopolisacaridosis [MPS] II, enfermedad de Fabry)
  • etnia asquenazí
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • análisis enzimático
  • análisis del sustrato
  • análisis de ADN
  • hemograma completo (HC)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • electrocardiograma (ECG)
  • ecocardiograma
  • pruebas funcionales respiratorias
  • biopsia de médula ósea
  • biopsia muscular
  • tomografía computarizada (TC)/IRM (resonancia magnética) de órgano agrandado (enfermedad de Gaucher)
  • ecografía/IRM (Fabry)
  • tomografía computarizada (TC)/radiografía (mucopolisacaridosis)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1

enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 2

enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 3

Enfermedad de Fabry

mucopolisacaridosis (MPS)

Enfermedad de Pompe

enfermedad de Tay-Sachs

enfermedad de Niemann-Pick

Contributors

Authors

Atul B. Mehta, MA, MB BChir, MD, FRCP, FRCPath

Consultant Haematologist

Emeritus Professor in Haematology

University College London

London

UK

Disclosures

ABM has participated in educational activities for Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda and Amicus including advisory boards for which he has received honoraria and travel grants. He has also received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda and Amicus. He is also an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Gregory M. Pastores, MD

Associate Professor

Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics

NYU School of Medicine

New York

NY

Disclosures

GMP declares that he has no competing interests.

Uma Ramaswami, MD, FRCPCH

Consultant Paediatrician

Paediatric Metabolic Unit

Cambridge University Hospitals

Cambridge

UK

Disclosures

UR has received travel grants, honoraria for lectures, and funding for clinical trials from Shire HGT, Genzyme, and Actelion.

Elmer V. Villanueva, MD, ScM, FRIPH

Associate Professor of Public Health

Director of Research

Gippsland Medical School

Monash University

Churchill

Australia

Disclosures

EVV declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Stirnemann J, Belmatoug N, Camou F, et al. A review of Gaucher disease pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatments. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 17;18(2):441.Full text  Abstract

Germain DP. Fabry disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010 Nov 22;5:30.Full text  Abstract

Patterson MC, Clayton P, Gissen P, et al. Recommendations for the detection and diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C: an update. Neurol Clin Pract. 2017 Dec;7(6):499-511.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Enfermedades hereditarias frecuentes de depósito lisosomal images
  • Differentials

    • Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Gaucher de tipo 2 y 3)
    • Fiebre reumática (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Fabry)
    • Endocarditis bacteriana (diagnóstico diferencial de la enfermedad de Fabry)
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Pegunigalsidase alfa for treating Fabry disease
    • Consensus clinical management guidelines for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease types A, B and A/B)
    More Guidelines
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