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Trabajo de parto prematuro

Última revisão: 10 Dec 2025
Última atualização: 19 Mar 2025

Resumo

Определение

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • contracciones uterinas
  • rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) antes del trabajo de parto
  • dilatación avanzada del cuello uterino
  • longitud del cuello uterino <2 cm
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca del feto o la materna
  • dolor abdominal inferior o de espalda inespecífico
  • fiebre
  • sangrado vaginal
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • trabajo de parto prematuro previo
  • lesión previa de cuello uterino
  • aborto inducido previo
  • infecciones maternas
  • embarazos multifetales
  • longitud del cuello uterino corta
  • prueba de fibronectina fetal positiva
  • rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) antes del trabajo de parto
  • anomalías fetales
  • tabaquismo
  • índice de masa corporal (IMC) <19 kg/m²
  • factores sociales y etnia
  • tratamiento de fertilidad
  • polihidramnios
  • violencia doméstica
  • higiene dental deficiente
  • cesárea de fase tardía
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • cardiotocografía sin estrés
  • tocografía
  • ultrasonido transvaginal del cuello uterino
  • exudado cérvico-vaginal para fibronectina fetal
  • hemograma completo (HC)
  • proteína C-reactiva
  • tira reactiva de orina
  • análisis microscópico de orina, cultivo y sensibilidad en orina
  • exudado vaginal alto/rectal
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • microscopia de fluido vaginal
  • análisis de sangre de Kleihauer
  • cribado toxicológico de orina
  • prueba de la proteína de unión al factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina-1 (IGFBP-1)
  • microglobulina alfa 1 placentaria (PAMG-1)
Полная информация

Алгоритм лечения

Острый

amenaza de trabajo de parto prematuro (ATPP)

rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) antes del trabajo de parto

alto riesgo de parto inminente sin ruptura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP)

Составители

Авторы

Andrew H. Shennan, MD, FRCOG

Professor of Obstetrics

King's College London

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

AHS has given talks for Hologic, the manufacturer of fetal fibronectin, and has received funds to his institute for research. AHS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Joanna C. Girling, MA, MRCP, FRCOG

Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology

West Middlesex University Hospital

London

UK

Раскрытие информации

JCG declares that she has no competing interests.

Рецензенты

Jo Trinder, MD

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

St Michael's Maternity Wing

Bristol Royal Infirmary

Bristol

UK

Раскрытие информации

JT has accepted honoraria for speaking to groups of midwives and doctors about miscarriage management.

Kirsty Dundas, MBChB, DCH, FRCOG

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Honorary Senior Lecturer

University of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

UK

Раскрытие информации

KD declares that she has no competing interests.

Deidre Lyell, MD

Assistant Professor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Stanford University

Stanford

CA

Раскрытие информации

DL declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

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Основные статьи

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Preterm labour and birth. Jun 2022 [internet publication].Полный текст

Shennan AH, Story L, Royal College of Obstetricians, Gynaecologists. Cervical cerclage: green-top guideline no. 75. BJOG. 2022 Jun;129(7):1178-210.Полный текст  Аннотация

EPPPIC Group. Evaluating Progestogens for Preventing Preterm birth International Collaborative (EPPPIC): meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2021 Mar 27;397(10280):1183-94.Полный текст  Аннотация

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Care of women presenting with suspected preterm prelabour rupture of membranes from 24+0 weeks of gestation. Green-top guideline no. 73. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Полный текст

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Committee Opinion-Obstetrics. ACOG committee opinion no. 713: antenatal corticosteroid therapy for fetal maturation. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Aug;130(2):e102-9.Полный текст  Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

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