Summary
Differentials
Common
- Corneal ulcer
- Dry eye syndrome (tear dysfunction syndrome)
- Dry age-related macular degeneration
- Posterior uveitis
- Cataract
- Nondiabetic myopic lens shift
- Wet age-related macular degeneration
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Retinal venous occlusion
- Retinal arterial occlusion
- Stroke
- Migraine headache or migraine aura without headache (acephalgic migraine)
- Pituitary tumor
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Diabetic myopic lens shift
Uncommon
- Corneal hydrops
- Traumatic vision loss
- Optic neuritis
- Papilledema
- Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- Retinal detachment
- Postoperative endophthalmitis
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Pituitary apoplexy
- Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy/giant cell arteritis
- Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- Cancer-associated retinopathy
Contributors
Authors
Jeffrey R. SooHoo, MD, MBA
Associate Professor
Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center
Department of Ophthalmology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Disclosures
JRS declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Jeffrey R. SooHoo would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Prem S. Subramanian, the previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
PSS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Andrew G. Lee, MD
The H. Stanley Neuro-ophthalmology Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery
The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
AGL declares that he has no competing interests.
Robert Avery, MD, PhD
Professor of Ophthalmology
University of New Mexico Medical School
Albuquerque
NM
Disclosures
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
Augusto Azuara-Blanco, PhD, FRCS(Ed), FRCOphth
Clinical Senior Lecturer
Health Services Research Unit
University of Aberdeen
Honorary Consultant Ophthalmologist
NHS Grampian
Aberdeen
UK
Disclosures
AA-B declares that he has no competing interests.
Stephen Vernon, DM, FRCS, FRCOphth, FCOptom (Hon), DO
Special Professor of Ophthalmology
University of Nottingham
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
Nottingham University Hospitals
Nottingham
UK
Disclosures
None declared.
References
Key articles
Rossi T, Boccassini B, Iossa M, et al. Triaging and coding ophthalmic emergency: the Rome Eye Scoring System for Urgency and Emergency (RESCUE): a pilot study of 1,000 eye-dedicated emergency room patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2007 May-Jun;17(3):413-7. Abstract
Bird AC, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, et al. An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995 Mar-Apr;39(5):367-74. Abstract
Donahue SP, Baker CN; American Academy of Pediatrics; American Association of Certified Orthoptists; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1). (Reaffirmed Feb 2022).Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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