Patent foramen ovale

A common finding, reported in up to 15% to 20% of subjects undergoing contrast echo.

Usually asymptomatic but may be associated with cryptogenic stroke.

Atrial septal aneurysm is a risk factor for PFO, and when present in combination is associated with an increased risk of CVA.

Asymptomatic patients are generally observed without medical intervention.

In patients with cryptogenic stroke or TIA, antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation is indicated.

In patients with recurrent stroke or TIAs despite antiplatelet agents, the patent foramen ovale may be closed percutaneously with a closure device.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the persistent patency of a congenital opening or foramen ovale in the interatrial septum, which normally closes after birth. Notably, PFO is a potential cause of paradoxical embolism leading to CVA.