Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- fever
- diarrhea and abdominal pain
- flu-like symptoms in pregnancy
Other diagnostic factors
- headache
- altered mental status
- meningismus
- cranial nerve deficits
- cerebellar signs
- focal neurologic signs
- seizures
- hypotension
- generalized malaise
- intrapartum fever
- poor feeding (neonates)
- bleeding diathesis with hemorrhage
- cardiac murmur
Risk factors
- exposure to contaminated food
- age >45-50 years
- pregnancy
- neonates
- immunocompromised states
- impaired stomach acidification
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- CBC
- urine pregnancy test
- blood cultures
- brain MRI
- brain CT
- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
Tests to consider
- prothrombin time (PT) and PTT
- D-dimer
- placenta and amniotic fluid culture
- cervical swab culture
- meconium Gram stain and culture
- Listeria serology
- food analysis
- stool culture
- polymerase chain reaction of blood
- other stool analyses
- electroencephalogram
- echocardiography
Treatment algorithm
gastroenteritis
systemic infection (excluding meningitis/meningoencephalitis)
meningitis/meningoencephalitis
Contributors
Authors
Petros M. Karsaliakos, MD, FRCP, MSc
Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer
Glasgow University
Consultant in General Medicine
Queen Elizabeth University Hospital
NHS GGC
Scotland
Divulgaciones
PMK declares that he has no competing interests.
Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, PhD, FIDSA, FAAM
Charles C.J. Carpenter Professor of Infectious Disease
Chair, Department of Medicine
Charles and Anne Duncan Presidential Distinguished Chair
Professor of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College & Houston Methodist Academic Institute
Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Adjunct Clinical Professor, Texas A&M College of Medicine
Houston Methodist Hospital
Houston, TX
Divulgaciones
EM is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Community Health
Brown University
Providence
RI
Divulgaciones
JDR declares that he has no competing interests.
Alistair Leonord, MBChB, BSc, MRCPath, MD, DTM&H
Professor
Infection and Immunity
Consultant Microbiologist
Bacteriology Dept
Southern General Hospital
Glasgow
UK
Divulgaciones
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.
Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36. Resumen
Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, et al. Pathogenicity and virulence of listeria monocytogenes: a trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence. 2021 Dec;12(1):2509-45.Texto completo Resumen
Committee on Obstetric Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 614: management of pregnant women with presumptive exposure to listeria monocytogenes. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Dec;124(6):1241-4. Resumen
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Listeria infection (listeriosis): clinical overview of listeriosis Aug 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo
Osek J, Lachtara B, Wieczorek K. Listeria monocytogenes - how this pathogen survives in food-production environments? Front Microbiol. 2022;13:866462.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Other bacterial meningitides
- Other brain abscesses
- Viral gastroenteritis
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Listeria (Listeriosis)
- Listeria infection (Listeriosis)
Más Guías de práctica clínica
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