Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

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Última revisão: 10 Sep 2025

Última atualização: 10 Feb 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease responsible for the first pandemic of the 21st century; there have been no reported cases since 2004.

Infection control precautions are of paramount importance; transmission is usually caused by direct contact with infected individuals through respiratory droplets.

Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the test of choice for confirming diagnosis.

Treatment is mainly supportive; neither specific therapy nor a vaccine is available.

Fatality rate is about 10% and death usually occurs due to severe respiratory failure.

Definição

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral pneumonia that rapidly progresses to respiratory failure.[1] It is an emerging, potentially fatal infectious disease.[2] A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses, was identified as the pathogen responsible for the disease.[3] This syndrome is associated with signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract illness and radiologic evidence of consolidation following close contact with an infected person.[1]

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

history of travel to affected area
history of close contact with infected individuals
history of laboratory work on SARS-CoV
fever
cough
myalgia
dyspnea

Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

chills or rigors
malaise
headache
watery diarrhea
tachypnea
tachycardia
cyanosis
nausea and vomiting
sore throat
sputum production
chest pain
pleurisy
rhinorrhea
dizziness
arthralgia
abdominal pain
seizure
delirium
rales
inspiratory crackles
bronchial breathing

Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

travel to affected area
close contact with infected individuals
laboratory work on SARS-CoV

Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

CBC
aminotransferases
lactate dehydrogenase
creatine kinase
blood culture
sputum culture
nasopharyngeal virus culture
direct immunofluorescent antibody staining
chest x-ray
pulse oximetry
reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

ABG
coagulation screen
high-resolution CT (HRCT) of thorax
serologic testing for SARS-CoV-specific antibodies
viral culture

Detalhes completos

Novos exames

rapid immunoswab assay for SARS-CoV detection
monoclonal antibodies

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

suspected SARS

AGUDA

confirmed SARS

Colaboradores

Autores

Georgia G. Pitsiou, MD, PhD

Associate Professor in Pulmonary Medicine

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Respiratory Failure Clinic

General Hospital G. Papanikolaou

Thessaloniki

Greece

Declarações

GGP declares that she has no competing interests.

Ioannis P. Kioumis, MD, PhD

Professor in Pulmonary Medicine

Infectious Diseases

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Respiratory Failure Clinic

General Hospital G. Papanikolaou

Thessaloniki

Greece

Declarações

IPK declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Tommy R. Tong, MD

Attending Pathologist

Montefiore Medical Center

Bronx

Declarações

TRT declares that he has no competing interests.

Sian Griffiths, OBE, MA, MB BChir, FFPHM, FRCP (Lon), FRCP (Edin), FHKCCM

Director of the School of Public Health

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Prince of Wales Hospital

New Territories

Hong Kong

Declarações

SG declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

Christian MD, Poutanen SM, Loutfy MR, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1420-1427.Texto completo Resumo

Peiris JS, Chu CM, Cheng VC, et al. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet. 2003;361:1767-1772. Resumo

Mahony JB, Richardson S. Molecular diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome: the state of the art. J Mol Diagn. 2005;7:551-559. Resumo

Peiris JS, Yuen KY, Osterhaus AD, et al. The severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2431-2441. Resumo

Fowler RA, Lapinsky SE, Hallet D, et al. Critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA. 2003;290:367-373.Texto completo Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

Fatores de risco

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

Investigações a serem consideradas

Novos exames

Algoritmo de tratamento

suspected SARS

confirmed SARS

Colaboradores

Autores

Georgia G. Pitsiou, MD, PhD

Declarações

Ioannis P. Kioumis, MD, PhD

Declarações

Revisores

Tommy R. Tong, MD

Declarações

Sian Griffiths, OBE, MA, MB BChir, FFPHM, FRCP (Lon), FRCP (Edin), FHKCCM

Declarações

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

Disclosures

Referências

Principais artigos

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.

Diagnósticos diferenciais

Diretrizes

Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

Videos

Conectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice

Conectar-se ou assinar para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice

Conectar-se para acessar todo o BMJ Best Practice