Evaluation of splenomegaly

Last reviewed: 1 Nov 2024
Last updated: 26 Sep 2023

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Alcohol induced
  • Hepatic steatosis
  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
  • Waldenström macroglobulinemia or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
  • Hairy cell leukemia
  • Myelofibrosis
  • Polycythemia vera
  • Essential thrombocytosis
  • Splenic metastases
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
  • Felty syndrome
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Malaria
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
  • Endocarditis
  • Sepsis-related splenic abscesses
  • Chronic hepatitis C
  • Chronic hepatitis B
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Cytoskeletal defects
  • Thalassemias
Full details

Uncommon

  • Benign splenic tumors
  • Portal vein thrombosis
  • Splenic vein thrombosis
  • Budd-Chiari syndrome
  • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
  • Amyloidosis
  • Gaucher or Niemann-Pick disease
  • Severe dengue
  • Splenic rupture
  • Subcapsular hemorrhage
  • Secondary to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Terri L. Parker, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Section of Hematology

Yale School of Medicine

Smilow Cancer Center at Yale-New Haven

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

TLP declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Terri L. Parker would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Alan E. Lichtin, the previous contributor to this monograph.

Disclosures

AEL has received research support from Amgen.

Peer reviewers

Priyanka Mehta, MD

Consultant Haematologist

Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre

Bristol

UK

Disclosures

PM declares that she has no competing interests.

Ruben A. Mesa, MD

Professor of Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Scottsdale

AZ

Disclosures

RAM declares that he has no competing interests.

Giovanni Barosi, MD

Director of the Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology

IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation

Pavia

Italy

Disclosures

GB declares that he has no competing interests.

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