Resumen
Diferenciales
Común
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Congestive heart failure
- Asthma
- Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, tuberculous)
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- Croup
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
- Stable angina
- Arrhythmias
- Interstitial lung disease
- Bronchiectasis
- Noninfective pneumonitis (eosinophilic, radiation, aspiration, hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
- Acute bronchitis
- Laryngitis
- Pulmonary embolism (thrombotic, air, amniotic fluid, tumor)
- Pleural effusion
- Pleuritis
- Anemia
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Ascites
- Shock
- Pulmonary tumors
- Anxiety and panic attacks
- Normal aging, deconditioning, and obesity
Infrecuente
- Sepsis
- Aortic dissection
- Sarcoidosis
- Pulmonary contusion
- Epiglottitis
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Foreign body aspiration
- Tracheobronchial tumors (benign or malignant)
- Retrosternal goiter
- Vocal cord dysfunction
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Hepatopulmonary syndrome
- Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
- Mesothelioma
- Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum
- Hemothorax
- Acquired valvular heart disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Cardiac drugs
- Myocardial disease (cardiomyopathy, myocarditis)
- Pericardial disease
- Superior vena cava syndrome
- Methemoglobinemia and carbon monoxide poisoning
- Tetanus
- Botulism
- Phrenic nerve paralysis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Polio and other acute viral anterior horn infections
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Respiratory muscle deficiency
- Paraneoplastic myasthenic syndrome
- Thyroid disease
- Cushing syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
- Kyphoscoliosis and pectus excavatum
- Diphtheria
Colaboradores
Autores
Tomasz J. Kuzniar, MD, PhD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Chicago
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
NorthShore University HealthSystem
Evanston
IL
Divulgaciones
TJK is coauthor of, and receives royalties from, two topics on sleep apnea for UpToDate.
Agradecimientos
Dr Tomasz J. Kuzniar would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kamilla Kasibowska-Kuzniar and Dr Kaiser G. Lim, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
KK-K and KGL declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Nicholas Maskell, MD
Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician
North Bristol Lung Centre
Southmead Hospital
Bristol
UK
Divulgaciones
NM declares that he has no competing interests.
Najib Rahman, BM, BCh, MA (Oxon), MRCP (UK)
MRC Training Fellow and Specialist Registrar, Respiratory Medicine
Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine
Churchill Hospital
Oxford
UK
Divulgaciones
NR declares that he has no competing interests.
Jonathan P. Parsons, MD
Assistant Professor
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Ohio State University Medical Center
Columbus
OH
Divulgaciones
JPP declares that he has no competing interests.
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