Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- childhood and adolescence
- worsening pain over weeks to months
- mass/swelling
Other diagnostic factors
- male gender
- limp
- history of trauma
- limited range of motion
- overlying skin ulceration
Risk factors
- childhood and adolescence
- Paget disease
- radiation therapy
- Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
- familial retinoblastoma syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- fibrous dysplasia
- chemotherapy
- male gender
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- conventional radiographs
- serum alkaline phosphatase
- serum lactate dehydrogenase
Investigations to consider
- CT primary tumor
- MRI primary tumor
- CT thorax
- radionuclide bone scan
- bone biopsy
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors VIEW ALL
Director of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Program
Associate Professor of Oncology
Bloomberg Children's Center
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
DL declares that he has no competing interests.
Dr David Loeb would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Luminita Rezeanu and Dr Michael J. Klein, the previous contributors to this monograph. LR and MJK declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers VIEW ALL
Professor of Surgery
Ellis Fischel Cancer Center
University of Missouri
Columbia
MO
Disclosures
ES declares that he has no competing interests.
Locum Consultant Paediatric Oncologist
University College Hospital
London
UK
Disclosures
RW declares that she has no competing interests.
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