小结
定义
Paraphimosis is a condition caused when the foreskin of the uncircumcised penis is retracted and left behind the glans penis, leading to vascular engorgement and edema of the distal glans.[1] This condition is a medical emergency when identified acutely and requires prompt effective treatment to prevent loss of the distal glans penis.[2][3][Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Diagram illustrating paraphimosisFrom the collection of Dr Ranjiv Mathews [Citation ends].
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- penile pain
- band of retracted foreskin tissue beneath the glans
- swollen glans penis
- indwelling catheter
其他诊断因素
- erythema
- black tissue on the glans
- nonpliable glans penis
- inability to urinate freely
危险因素
- lack of circumcision
- urinary catheterization
- dependence on a caregiver for daily hygiene
- tight foreskin
- phimosis
- poor hygiene
- bacterial infection
- parasitic infections
- lichen sclerosis
- diabetes
- penile piercing
- hemangiomas of the penis
- peripheral vascular disease
- inadequate circumcision
诊断性检查
首要检查
- clinical diagnosis
治疗流程
with ischemia and necrosis
acute type without ischemia and necrosis
chronic type without ischemia and necrosis
撰稿人
作者
Ranjiv Mathews, MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Urology
SIU School of Medicine
Springfield,
IL
Раскрытие информации
RM declares that he has no competing interests.
Рецензенты
Wesley Baas, MD
Assistant Professor of Urology
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati
OH
Раскрытие информации
WB declares that he has no competing interests.
John Thomas, MD
Assistant Professor of Urologic Surgery
Division of Pediatric Urology
Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt
Nashville
TN
Раскрытие информации
JT declares that he has no competing interests.
Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)
Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon
Department of Urology
Addenbrooke's Hospital
Cambridge
UK
Раскрытие информации
VG declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Список литературы
Основные статьи
European Association of Urology. Paediatric urology. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Полный текст
Manjunath AS, Hofer MD. Urologic emergencies. Med Clin North Am. 2018 Mar;102(2):373-85. Аннотация
British Association of Paediatric Urologists. Management of foreskin conditions. 2017 [internet publication].Полный текст
Статьи, указанные как источники
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Отличия
- Allergic reactions
- Insect bites
- Tourniquet syndrome
Больше ОтличияРекомендации
- Paediatric urology
- Management of foreskin conditions
Больше Рекомендации
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