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Congenital torticollis

  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源
最后审阅： 20 Aug 2025
最后更新： 14 Feb 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

其他诊断因素

  • twin birth
  • unvaried supine sleep and resting position
  • decreased prone awake time
  • head tilt
  • head rotated with decreased active rotation to affected side
  • decreased head righting to contralateral side
  • sternocleidomastoid mass
  • ipsilateral shoulder elevation
  • plagiocephaly/craniofacial asymmetry
  • hypertropia on contralateral side
  • hip click or asymmetry
完整详情

危险因素

  • plagiocephaly
  • breech delivery
  • cesarean section delivery
  • twin A (lower in utero)
  • complicated deliveries (forceps or vacuum)
  • birth trauma
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • cervical spine x-ray
  • pelvic x-ray
  • hip ultrasound
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • neck ultrasound
  • skull x-ray
  • cervical/cranial MRI
完整详情

治疗流程

持续性治疗

inadequate head control or age <5 months

good head control and age >5 months

撰稿人

作者

Joyce L. Oleszek, MD
Joyce L. Oleszek

Associate Professor

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

University of Colorado School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora

CO

利益声明

JLO is co-author of one of the references cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Elizabeth A. Moberg-Wolff, MD

Associate Professor

Program Director

Tone Management and Mobility

Children's Hospital of Wisconsin

Milwaukee

WI

利益声明

EAMW declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Cheng JC, Wong MW, Tang SP, et al. Clinical determinants of the outcome of manual stretching in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants. A prospective study of eight hundred and twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A(5):679-87. 摘要

Cheng JC, Au AW. Infantile torticollis: a review of 624 cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 1994;14:802-808. 摘要

Binder H, Eng GD, Gaiser JF, et al. Congenital muscular torticollis: results of conservative management with long-term follow-up in 85 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987 Apr;68(4):222-5. 摘要

Positioning and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): update. American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Infant Positioning and SIDS. Pediatrics. 1996;98:1216-1218. 摘要

Emery C. The determinants of treatment duration for congenital muscular torticollis. Phys Ther. 1994 Oct;74(10):921-9.全文  摘要

Cheng JC, Tang SP, Chen TM, et al. The clinical presentation and outcome of treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in infants - a study of 1,086 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Jul;35(7):1091-6. 摘要

Cheng JC, Tang SP. Outcome of surgical treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999 May;(362):190-200. 摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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