Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- stridor
- onset within 2 weeks of birth
- features of airway obstruction
- resolution of symptoms by 2 years of age
- normal cry
Other diagnostic factors
- feeding difficulties
- weight loss or failure to thrive
- hypotonia
- dysmorphic features
Risk factors
- GERD
- neurologic abnormalities
- laryngeal anatomic abnormalities
- male sex
- genetic syndromic disorder
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- rigid laryngobronchoscopy
- FEES testing
- polysomnography
- CXR
- lateral neck radiograph
- ECG
- echocardiogram
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
The Children's Hospital at Westmead
Sydney
Australia
Disclosures
SJB declares that she has no competing interests.
Dr Simone Boardman would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr C. Martin Bailey, a previous contributor to this topic. CMB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Director
Pediatric Otolaryngology-HNS
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
KP declares that he has no competing interests.
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Hospital for Sick Children (Yorkhill)
Glasgow
UK
Disclosures
HK declares that he has no competing interests.
Assistant Professor
Associate Residency Program Director
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock
AR
Disclosures
GR declares that he has no competing interests.
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