Astrocytic brain tumors

Circumscribed astrocytic tumors (pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma) have well-defined margins, are benign, and are typically managed with surgery alone.

Diffuse astrocytomas (grade II to IV) represent a spectrum of the same highly infiltrative disease, with lower grades inevitably progressing to higher grade lesions. They share common molecular genetic abnormalities.

Low-grade astrocytomas (grade I and II) tend to be present in younger patients and have a better prognosis.

High-grade astrocytomas (grade III and IV) typically present in older patients and the prognosis is poor.

There are no known predisposing factors except rare familial syndromes and prior cranial radiation therapy.

Treatments vary depending on tumor grade and molecular characteristics, and include maximal surgical resection alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy.

Astrocytic brain tumors are primary tumors of the brain arising from astrocytes. Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support to the brain and neurons, regulate ion concentrations in the extracellular space, modulate synaptic transmissions, and take up and release neurotransmitters. They are an integral component of the blood-brain barrier.