Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- breast mass
- nipple discharge
- axillary lymphadenopathy
Risk factors
- increasing age
- female gender
- ethnic origin
- high socioeconomic class
- positive FHx/genetic predisposition
- endogenous estrogen exposure
- exogenous estrogen/progestin exposure
- reduced physical activity
- poor diet
- high levels of alcohol consumption
- radiation exposure
- smoking
- benign breast disease
- increased breast density
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Assistant Professor
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York
NY
Disclosures
KC declares that she has no competing interests.
Associate Professor
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Dubin Breast Center of the Tisch Cancer Institute
New York
NY
Disclosures
AT has participated in speakers' bureaux for Pfizer, Celgene, and Amgen.
Dr Krystal Cascetta and Dr Amy Tiersten would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Hope S. Rugo, Dr Amal Melhem-Bertrandt, Dr Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, and Dr Phuong Khanh H. Morrow, the previous contributors to this monograph. AMB, GNH, and PKHM declare that they have no competing interests. HSR receives research funding through the University of California from Novartis, Pfizer, Genentech, Macrogenics, Plexxikon, Merck, Nektar, and GSK. She has been reimbursed for travel by Novartis, Genentech, and Nektar. She has received speaker honorarium from Genomic Health.
Peer reviewers
Assistant Professor
University of Louisville
Louisville
KY
Disclosures
AC declares that she has no competing interests.
General Surgeon
General Surgery Department
Istanbul Training and Research Hospital
Istanbul
Turkey
Disclosures
GC is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph.
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