Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- grinding noises
- oral parafunctions
- tooth wear
- jaw muscle pain
- jaw muscle tenderness
- stress and anxiety
- caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol use
- hx of sleep disorders
- selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor or dopamine antagonist use
- ecstasy or cocaine use
- muscle hypertrophy
Other diagnostic factors
- headache
- tooth hypersensitivity
- fracture of dental restorations
- oral mucosal changes
- record of bruxism events and associated behavior
- oral appliance wear
Risk factors
- smoking, caffeine, alcohol consumption
- stress sensitivity and anxiety personality traits
- snoring, sleep apnea, and other sleep disorders
- medication use
- genetic disposition
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- polysomnographic (PSG) study
- electromyography (EMG)
- smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA)
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Professor, Chair, and Vice Dean
Department of Oral Health Sciences
Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)
MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam
University of Amsterdam
VU University Amsterdam
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
FL is a member of the Academic Advisory Board of Sunstar Suisse S.A for GrindCare®. FL receives research funding from Sunstar Suisse S.A and SomnoMed. FL is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Associate Professor School of Dentistry
Department of Neuroscience
University of Padova
Padova
Italy
Disclosures
DM is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Adjunct Professor
School of Dentistry
Department of Neuroscience
University of Padua
Padua
Italy
Disclosures
AB is the inventor of and owns the copyright for the software BruxApp. AB is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Professor Daniele Manfredini, Professor Frank Lobbezoo, and Alessandro Bracci would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Peter Svensson, a previous contributor to this topic. PS is chairman of the clinical advisory board and has received fees for consulting for Medotech, the manufacturer of GrindCare. PS is also an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Associate Dean and Professor
Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences
Kansas City
MO
Disclosures
AG is a member of the clinical advisory board of Medotech and has received GrindCare devices for evaluation. AG is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
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