Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- anticipatory anxiety
- behavioral avoidance
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- onset during childhood
- onset during early adulthood
- nausea
- dizziness
- disgust
- fainting
- tachycardia
- hyperventilation
- exaggerated startle
- sleep disruption
Fatores de risco
- somatization disorder
- anxiety disorders
- mood disorders
- first-degree relative with phobia
- twin with phobia
- aversive experiences
- stress and negative life events
- female sex
- white ethnicity
- parental anxiety and overprotectiveness
- negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition
- cognitive/attentional bias
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- self-report
- behavioral observation and approach tests
Investigações a serem consideradas
- structured/semi-structured clinical interview
Algoritmo de tratamento
adults with subclinical symptoms and infrequent interference with usual activities
adults with frequent symptoms interfering with usual activities
children with ongoing symptoms interfering with usual activities
Colaboradores
Autores
Amy Huberman, MD
Volunteer Faculty
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Declarações
AH declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimentos
Dr Amy Huberman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Eve Friedl, Dr E. Blake Zakarin, Dr Craig N. Sawchuk, and Dr Bunmi O. Olatunji, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
EKF and EBZ declare that they have no competing interests. CNS is an author of a reference cited in this topic. BOO is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Revisores
Franklin Schneier, MD
Director
Anxiety Disorders Clinic
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York City
NY
Declarações
FS has received research support from Compass Pathways, Otsuka, Vistagen, and NIMH, royalties from UptoDate, Cambridge University Press, and Guilford Press, and served as consultant to Receptor Life and PureTech.
Créditos aos pareceristas
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Declarações
As afiliações e declarações dos pareceristas referem--se ao momento da revisão.
Referências
Principais artigos
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59. Resumo
Grös DF, Antony MM. The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Aug;8(4):298-303. Resumo
Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Horowitz JD, Powers MB, et al. Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Jul;28(6):1021-37. Resumo
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada; McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.Texto completo Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Agoraphobia
- Panic disorder
- Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
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