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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源
最后审阅： 18 Aug 2025
最后更新： 11 Aug 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • low-grade fever
  • oral vesicles and ulcers
  • rash and/or vesicles on the hands and feet
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • malaise
  • sore mouth
  • loss of appetite
  • sore throat
  • rash and/or vesicles on the buttocks
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhea
  • cough
  • tongue erythema/edema
  • arthralgia
完整详情

危险因素

  • immunosuppression
  • age <10 years
  • family or school contacts with infection
完整详情

诊断性检查

需考虑的检查

  • viral culture
  • CBC
完整详情

新兴检查

  • PCR molecular assays

治疗流程

急症处理

all patients

撰稿人

作者

Malobi I. Ogboli, MBBS, FRCP

Consultant Dermatologist

Birmingham Children's Hospital and Birmingham City Hospital

Birmingham

UK

利益声明

MIO declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议者

Helen Goodyear, MBChB, MRCP, FRCPCH, MD, MMed

Consultant Paediatrician

Heartlands Hospital

Birmingham

UK

利益声明

HG declares that she has no competing interests.

Andrew Riordan, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP, DTM&H

Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology

Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital (Alder Hey)

Liverpool

UK

利益声明

AR declares that he has no competing interests.

David Cassarino, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

University of California

Los Angeles

CA

利益声明

DC declares that he has no competing interests.

Leonid Izikson, MD

Staff Dermatologist

Department of Dermatology

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston

MA

利益声明

LI declares that he has no competing interests.

Aisha Sethi, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Associate Residency Program Director

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

利益声明

AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Alsop J, Flewett TH, Foster JR. "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease" in Birmingham in 1959. Br Med J. 1960;2:1708-1711.全文  摘要

Ishimaru Y, Nakano S, Yamaoka K, et al. Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus 71. High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:583-588.全文  摘要

Saguil A, Kane SF, Lauters R, et al. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: rapid evidence review. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Oct 1;100(7):408-14.全文  摘要

Chang LY, Tsao KC, Hsia SH, et al. Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan. JAMA. 2004;291:222-227.全文  摘要

Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, et al. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092-1096. 摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Hand-foot-and-mouth disease images

  • 鉴别诊断

    • Aphthous stomatitis or oral aphthous ulcers
    • Herpes simplex
    • Herpangina
    更多 鉴别诊断

  • Guidelines

    • A guide to clinical management and public health response for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
    更多 指南
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