Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- low-grade fever
- oral vesicles and ulcers
- rash and/or vesicles on the hands and feet
Other diagnostic factors
- malaise
- sore mouth
- loss of appetite
- sore throat
- rash and/or vesicles on the buttocks
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- cough
- tongue erythema/edema
- arthralgia
Risk factors
- immunosuppression
- age <10 years
- family or school contacts with infection
Diagnostic tests
Tests to consider
- viral culture
- CBC
Emerging tests
- PCR molecular assays
Treatment algorithm
all patients
Contributors
Authors
Malobi I. Ogboli, MBBS, FRCP
Consultant Dermatologist
Birmingham Children's Hospital and Birmingham City Hospital
Birmingham
UK
Disclosures
MIO declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Helen Goodyear, MBChB, MRCP, FRCPCH, MD, MMed
Consultant Paediatrician
Heartlands Hospital
Birmingham
UK
Divulgaciones
HG declares that she has no competing interests.
Andrew Riordan, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP, DTM&H
Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital (Alder Hey)
Liverpool
UK
Divulgaciones
AR declares that he has no competing interests.
David Cassarino, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of California
Los Angeles
CA
Divulgaciones
DC declares that he has no competing interests.
Leonid Izikson, MD
Staff Dermatologist
Department of Dermatology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston
MA
Divulgaciones
LI declares that he has no competing interests.
Aisha Sethi, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Associate Residency Program Director
University of Chicago
Chicago
IL
Divulgaciones
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.
Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
წყაროები
ძირითადი სტატიები
Alsop J, Flewett TH, Foster JR. "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease" in Birmingham in 1959. Br Med J. 1960;2:1708-1711.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Ishimaru Y, Nakano S, Yamaoka K, et al. Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus 71. High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:583-588.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Saguil A, Kane SF, Lauters R, et al. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: rapid evidence review. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Oct 1;100(7):408-14.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Chang LY, Tsao KC, Hsia SH, et al. Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan. JAMA. 2004;291:222-227.სრული ტექსტი აბსტრაქტი
Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, et al. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092-1096. აბსტრაქტი
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დიფერენციული დიაგნოზები
- Aphthous stomatitis or oral aphthous ulcers
- Herpes simplex
- Herpangina
მეტი დიფერენციული დიაგნოზებიგაიდლაინები
- A guide to clinical management and public health response for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
მეტი გაიდლაინები
შედით სისტემაში ან გამოიწერეთ BMJ Best Practice
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