When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Premature newborn care

  • 概述
  • 理论
  • 诊断
  • 治疗
  • 随访
  • 资源
最后审阅： 16 Aug 2025
最后更新： 04 Jun 2024

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • maternal last menstrual period (LMP)
  • distance from the maternal superior pubis to the uterine fundus
  • infant physical maturity score
  • infant neuromuscular maturity score
  • combined physical/neuromuscular score <10: gestational age <28 weeks
  • combined physical/neuromuscular score 11 to 19: gestational age 29 to 31 weeks
  • combined physical/neuromuscular score 20 to 24: gestational age 32 to 33 weeks
  • combined physical/neuromuscular score 25 to 33: gestational age 34 to 36 weeks
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • infant birth weight (appropriate for gestational age infants)
完整详情

危险因素

  • intrauterine infection
  • preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)
  • pre-eclampsia/pregnancy-induced hypertension
  • placental abruption/antepartum hemorrhage
  • abnormal amniotic fluid volume
  • severe bacterial vaginosis
  • multiple gestation
  • previous preterm birth
  • fetal abnormality
  • cervical incompetence/uterine abnormality
  • gestational diabetes
  • maternal surgery during pregnancy
  • chronic maternal illness
  • short interpregnancy time interval
  • drug use (tobacco, cocaine, heroin)
  • maternal pregnancy body mass index <19 or >35
  • stress/depression
  • extremes of maternal age
  • nonwhite race
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • fetal biometry during prenatal period
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

gestational age <28 weeks

gestational age 28 to 31 weeks

gestational age 32 to 33 weeks

gestational age 34 to 36 weeks

撰稿人

作者

Mohan Pammi, MD, PhD

Professor of Pediatrics

Section of Neonatology and Department of Pediatrics

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston

TX

利益声明

MP declares that he has no competing interests.

Kushal Bhakta, MD

Associate Professor

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Children’s Hospital of Orange County

Orange County

CA

利益声明

KB declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Mohan Pammi and Dr Kushal Bhakta would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Stephen Welty and Dr James L. Wynn, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

SW and JLW declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Isaac Babarinsa, MSc, MRCOG

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

Gloucestershire Royal Hospital

Gloucester

UK

利益声明

IB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

American Heart Association. AHA guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 5: neonatal resuscitation. 2020 [internet publication].全文

Ballard JL, Khoury JC, Wedig K, et al. New Ballard Score, expanded to include extremely premature infants. J Pediatr. 1991 Sep;119(3):417-23. 摘要

Ng EH, Shah V. Guidelines for surfactant replacement therapy in neonates. Paediatr Child Health. 2021 Feb;26(1):35-49.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

  • 鉴别诊断

    • Small for gestational age (SGA)
    • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
    更多 鉴别诊断

  • 指南

    • Neonatal infection: antibiotics for prevention and treatment
    • American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics focused update on neonatal resuscitation
    更多 指南

  • 患者教育信息

    Premature labor

    更多 患者教育信息
  • padlock-locked登录或订阅即可浏览 BMJ Best Practice 临床实践完整内容

内容使用需遵循免责声明